A Questionnaire Measuring Parents Self Compassion Of...

Parents often report elevated stress level and a constant feeling of self-sacrifice (Crow, 1998); yet for a functioning lifestyle, parents must show compassion not just to their children, but also to themselves. Self-compassion, therefore, involves being touched by and being open to one’s own suffering, not avoiding or disconnecting from it, generating the desire to alleviate one’s suffering and to heal oneself with kindness. The present study is a questionnaire measuring parents’ self-compassion of parents using a Likert scale with 29 items that fall into four different areas and will, therefore, produce 4 different scores (Likert, 1932): self-kindness, mindfulness, common humanity and overall self-compassion. The scale is significant†¦show more content†¦While there is no need to see ‘common humanity’ in an overall positive light – people can be compassionate towards their friends and not embrace the rather abstract term of ‘h umanity’ – it is nevertheless necessary to know how forgiving a person in general is. The third item is the diametrically opposite: self-kindness. While humanity is abstract and outwards directed, self-kindness is concrete and inward (Reyes, 2012; Raab, 2014). One would expect a negative correlation between the stance towards humanity and how one sees oneself. For that reason, sub-scores for self-kindness are counted in reverse order in contrast to the other three areas. The fourth area, however, is the real significant area, because it evaluates mindfulness, a Buddhist concept to the very core (Huynh et al., 2007; Dahl et al., 2015). ‘Mindfulness’ lets us measure self-compassion with some accuracy because of this parameter measures if one is ready to accept reality as it is. Only if we aren’t defensive against the things that happen in our life, only if we accept what are there can we be compassionate towards ourselves, without judgment, without an y attachment to an ego and emotional distress towards items we do not have the power to change (Hanh, 2016)? These areas and the included questions were inspired by principles from meditation and principles of presence and mindfulness. This means not letting our emotions define and explain external events to us, but completely embracing themShow MoreRelatedAn Empirical Investigation Of Changes Of Communication Patterns During Attending An Imago Weekend Workshop9327 Words   |  38 Pagestherapy in the Imago model may significantly impact couples’ communication patterns. Keywords: Imago, Imago relationship therapy, couples therapy, relationship therapy, therapy, weekend workshop, Communication Patterns Questionnaire, CPQ, Communication Patterns Questionnaire Short Form, CPQSF, Getting the Love You Want, GLYW, Imago workshop Copyright  © 2015 by Moriah C. O’Barr, M.A. All Rights Reserved An Empirical Investigation of Changes in Communication PatternsRead MoreAn Assessment Of Competencies Of Team Leaders9717 Words   |  39 Pagesbehaviour and employee health 18 2.6 Impact of stress on productivity 22 2.6.1 Stress and absenteeism 22 2.7 Leadership style and employee absenteeism 24 2.8 Leadership and occupational safety 26 Chapter 3: Methodology 29 3.1 Questionnaire 29 3.2 Sampling and data collection 32 3.3 Analysis 32 3.4 Limitations and strengths 32 Chapter 4 Data analysis and presentation of findings 34 4.1 Introduction 34 4.2 Managing emotions and having integrity 35 4.2 Read MoreMarketing Management 14th Edition Test Bank Kotler Test Bank173911 Words   |  696 Pagesinformation Answer: D Page Ref: 5 Objective: 2 AACSB: Analytic skills Difficulty: Easy 8) The Soccer World Cup is promoted aggressively to both companies and fans. This is an example of marketing a(n) ________. A) idea B) place C) luxury item D) event E) service Answer: D Page Ref: 5 Objective: 2 Difficulty: Moderate 9) The Malaysia, Truly Asia ad campaign that showcased Malaysias beautiful landscape and its multicultural society in order to attract tourists is an exampleRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages40071 173—dc22 I. Cameron, 2009040522 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 ISBN 10: 0-13-612100-4 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-612100-8 B R I E F TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S Preface xvii Introduction 1 PART I 1 2 3 PERSONAL SKILLS 44 Developing Self-Awareness 45 Managing Personal Stress 105 Solving Problems Analytically and Creatively 167 PART II 4 5 6 7 INTERPERSONAL SKILLS 232 233 Building Relationships by Communicating Supportively Gaining Power and Influence 279 Motivating Others

Terrorism The Terrorist Of Yesterday Essay - 1830 Words

INTRODUCTION After the 9th of September attack on the United States, the study of terrorism received major publicity. The timeline after the violence has seen tens of thousands of new books and articles about terrorism being published. Despite this vast growth in the field, there is a lot we do not know about the effects of terrorism, and there are several areas of debate amongst terrorism scholars and experts. It is evident that terrorism tactics are growing increasingly complex. â€Å"The terrorist of yesterday is the hero of today and the hero of yesterday becomes the terrorist of today† (If you quoted someone you need a reference here). It is important to know what terrorism is in the present day and what is not. It is hard to outline what terrorism is because the definition of the phrase has been changing over the past two centuries and is still changing. It has been seen to change from a positive implication over the French Revolution which is closely associated with the ideals of virtue and democracy, through the revolution and lastly to a religiously inspired act as it is professed these days. We have to inquire if â€Å"old† and â€Å"new† terrorism actually exist or does the state we are facing remind us of an old wine in a new bottle? The paper is to discuss majorly what terrorism is today or currently and how it differs from terrorism that was. The significant and most crucial issues to be discussed in this paper will integrate how it should be outlined and understood as aShow MoreRelated Book Review: The New Terrorism by Walter Laqueur Essay764 Words   |  4 PagesTHE NEW TERRORISM BY WALTER LAQUEUR Walter Laqueur’s book, â€Å"The New Terrorism: Fanaticism and the Arms of Mass Destruction†, is empowering readers with the entire spectrum of terrorism. The reasons behind terrorism are not easy to understand, but Laqueur goes into great detail to try and bring the reader to an understanding of what the terrorist is thinking in order to justify the means to the end. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Laqueur sheds enlightenment into a new arena for terrorism: Arms ofRead More Realism and the War on Terror Essay542 Words   |  3 Pages These wars, however, differ greatly from today’s unconventional war on terrorism. Therefore, the realist theories of yesterday, while still useful, require at least some tweaking to fit the present situation. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Probably the most obvious critique of realism with regard to the war on terrorism is that it is a theory that deals with international relations. The belligerents in the war on terrorism are not always conventional nation-states. Therefore, any theory that seeksRead MoreThe Hijacked American Airlines Flight 111459 Words   |  6 Pagesintercept and obstruct terrorism. The Act Improves Our Counter-Terrorism Efforts in Several Significant Ways: †¢ The Patriot Act allows investigators to use the tools that were already available to investigate organized crime and drug trafficking. †¢ Allows law enforcement to use surveillance against more crimes of terror. †¢ Allows federal agents to follow sophisticated terrorists trained to evade detection. †¢ Allows law enforcement to conduct investigations without tipping off terrorists. †¢ Allows federalRead MoreNew Versus Traditional Terrorism: Similarities and Differences1920 Words   |  8 Pagesof terrorism. The official approach to this changing terrorism is rather complicated. The terrorist of yesterday is the hero of today, and the hero of yesterday becomes the terrorist of today . There is then a great need to know what contemporary terrorism is and what it is not. Terrorism is a calculated use of power to achieve a political change, thus violence Ââ€" or equally important, the threat of violence Ââ€" is used and directed in pursuit of, or in service of a political aim . Terrorism isRead More Discuss the similarities and differences between ?new terrorism? and the more traditional model of ?old terrorism?1871 Words   |  8 Pagesof terrorism. The official approach to this changing terrorism is rather complicated. The terrorist of yesterday is the hero of today, and the hero of yesterday becomes the terrorist of today . There is then a great need to know what contemporary terrorism is and what it is not. Terrorism is a calculated use of power to achieve a political change, thus violence – or equally important, the threat of violence – is used and directed in pursuit of, or in service of a political aim . Terrorism isRead MoreLittle Al Qaeda Vs The Bigu.s Essay1625 Words   |  7 Pagesenemy so small but so able to provoke the super power of the world The United States. Al-Qaeda is an international terrorist network, which is considered the most significant terrorist threat to the United States. Al-Qaeda is a prominent group among the hundreds of terrorist organizations that despise The United States. Al-Qaeda was established around 1988 by Osama bin Laden. This terrorist organization is comprised of thousands of fighters from different countries all over the world. Osama bin LadenRead MoreWikileaks : A Project Of The Sunshine Press1742 Words   |  7 Pagesthat WikiLeaks is a terrorist organization that should be shut down, for example, government officials and advocates who believe in hiding information from the public. Terrorism has completely changed over the years and now it means â€Å"Terrorism does not only apply to physical attacks, but also to cyber-attacks that intimidate and threaten by means of coercion† (Castaldy). The public most of the time believes that anything that threatens its own country means that it is terrorism. Nonetheless, whenRead MoreAfghanistan Is Like A Goat On Which The Lion And The Bear Have Both Fixed Their Eyes?1466 Words   |  6 PagesThe fall of last Soviet-backed government in Kabul, instead of heralding peace, brought about another war. Old political, social and ethnic divisions surfaced and infighting amongst various groups erupted. The freedom fighters and Mujahideen of yesterday became war lords. And finally an altogether new force emerged on the political map of Afghanistan which became known to the world as Taliban. The Taliban infused with chaos and tyranny of warlordism, started from Kandahar, swept across southern AfghanistanRead MoreEssay on Islam and Terrorism2247 Words   |  9 PagesDoes Islam Promote Terrorism? There may be some Muslims who are terrorists, but not all Muslims are terrorist and Islam as a religion does not promote terrorism and defines as a religion of peace. Islam means submission to god. Islam is a religion of peace and does not talk of doing violence at all. As many westerners have the misconception that all Muslims are terrorists, and are involved in the killing of innocent people. I will prove that all Muslims are not terrorists and if at all the culpritsRead MoreRemember September 11, 2001937 Words   |  4 PagesMany people can look back and remember September 9th, 2001, like it was yesterday. This day will be forever remembered in America’s History. This is the day the world seemed as it stood still. On 9/11, America experienced a major terrorist attack, which hijacked planes were crashed into the World Trade Centers in New York City, crashed into the Pentagon in the District of Columbia, and had a plane crash into the fields of Pennsylvania. There are many theories on what actually happened and who was

ACA Paper Free Essays

Therefore, I will give some my personal inspirations, which earn from this course, to illustrate these deficiencies in the AC. Finally, I will present a brief conclusion about evolution of laws, which will influence the future. Five Provisions of the AC The five provisions are related to the humans rights and people daily life. We will write a custom essay sample on ACA Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now I choose these five provisions, because I think they have good aspects, which can embrace American spirit and value rights of humans, but they have some deficiencies, which need to be innovated. Some of them are the most popular topic in nowadays, and others have great impacts in people future life. Therefore, I want to choose them, and clarify my personal views of them, which I will present following. Provision 1. My first provision is Sec. 1555. â€Å"Freedom not to participate in Federal health insurance programs†( PACE, 201 0 This provision illustrates that â€Å"everyone in America has a right to choice whether if participate in federal insurance care program, and who opt out federal insurance care program will not be PACE, 2010 According to this provision, I firmly consider that everyone can choose to out of Beamer without penalty. In my personal point of view, really admire this provision. I always considered everyone should join Beamer before, but now, I know it is not mandatory. This provision can absolutely represent the spirit of America. When I originally knew America, I learned that freedom, democracy, and equity are the essential America spirit. Sec. 1 555 completely embodies human rights. Individuals have right to freely decide their own affairs, no one can enforce them to do anything illegally. Provision 2. My second provision is individual mandate provision. † individuals who are not covered by a healthcare insurance will be charged an annual tax penalty f $95, or up to 1% of income over the filing minimum, this provision takes effect on January 2014, but this fee will be more greater, this fee will rise to a minimum of $695 (SO,085 for families), or 2. 5% of income over the filing minimum, on 2016. This fee is prorate, if individuals are not covered by a minimum insurance in half a year, they should pay half of $695 ($2,085 for families). Moreover, exemptions are permitted for religious reasons, or for those for whom the least expensive policy would exceed 8% of their income, and US citizens who qualify as residents of a foreign county under the IRS foreign earned income exclusion rule†( The Individual Shared Responsibility Provision, 2014 In my perspective, I believe that this provision has a reasonable aspect, but some explanations, in individual mandate provision, are inconsiderate. First of all, this provision gives poor people who incomes can not afford the extra taxes. Think it is beneficial to poor people and release their financial burden. It also gives US citizens who live and work in a foreign country this exemption. In addition, exemption for religious reason also can embrace a humankind idea. However, this provision is unreasonable in total. According to Sec. 1 555, people should not get a penalty for opting out of minimum health insurance, but this provision seems to like exchanging the penalty to extra tax. This point is inconsiderate, because it enforces everyone to participate Beamer, otherwise people will be punished. The government should not use such a means to compel citizens participate health insurance program, even though health insurance is good for them. As I have mentioned above, I always consider America is an equal country, but an extra tax breaks my belief. In my personal view, government would take a moderate provision. Government should help people get health insurance through health education. Let people know the importance of health insurance, make people have a long-tern view of their own health. In this way, people will join in insurance consciously. Just like the Florida smoking ban. Florida is the first state which sues tobacco companies, and using compensations to educate people keep away from cigarettes. According to this case, I firmly believe that let people know always more rational than penalties. Provision 3. † Protecting young adults and eliminating burdens on families and genuineness, which is a beneficial provision to all young people who under 26- year-old. These young adults are permitted to remain on their parents health insurance programs, even if they on long live with their parent, are married, are not dependent on parents’ tax return, or are not students†( Young Adults and the Affordable Care Act: Protecting Young Adults and Eliminating Burdens on Families and Businesses,201 0). Horology believe this provision is beneficial to all young adults and children. As know, the cheapest bronze level of health care insurance is approximately 5500 per year, and this level insurance, in my opinion, is very limited to utilization. If parents have higher level health insurance, their children also get higher protection, and families will save more money. Therefor e, young people can remain on their parents’ insurance not only reduce costs of families, but also will enhance their own health condition. Moreover, I also think, for extending health insurance coverage of young people, some actions can be implemented. Comparing with China, the government gives all school funds to support students buying their health insurances. Young people on school will get a discount for their lath insurances, which means students only need pay few fees to have their own health insurances. Furthermore, companies buying insurance for their employees is also compulsory. Therefore, America government can diversify the way of extending coverage of insurance of young people to lead more of them join in the benefits of insurances. Provision 4. Medicaid Drug Rebate Program also benefits to society, drug manufacturers will get rebates from states, which including, innovator drugs will obtain 23. 1% of average manufacturer price per unit, blood clotting factor drugs will again 17. % price rebates per unit, non-innovator or multiple source drugs will get 13% average manufacturer price†( Medicaid Drug Re bate Program, 2014 ). According to Medicaid Drug Rebate Program, all people can buy these drugs cheaper, which means people are affordable for some daily drugs and some special diseases’ drugs. In my perspective, this provision lets poor people are affordable to their drugs. Ally think it can improve people’s health conditions. However, a problem should be defined that not every drug will get a rebate. As a consequence, drug manufacturers in this program will eve a risk to barely manufacture these drugs which can get rebates. Therefore, some useful drugs will not be produced for out of the program. It will cause these non- rebate drugs to merge a market shortage, and people will terribly hard buy these drugs. Therefore, the government should also balance the ratio of rebate drugs and non-rebate drug, and improve drug market condition. Provision 5. † Health Care Education Reconciliation Act of 201 0 has a provision that Chain restaurants and food vendors with 20 or more locations are required to display the caloric content of their foods on menus, drive-through menus, ND vending machines. Additional information, such as saturated fat, carbohydrate, and sodium content, must also be made available upon request†( Federal Health Care Reform, 2010 This provision is available for the customers to distinguish their foods’ ingredients, through this way, customers can judge a food whether if good for their health. According to a report, â€Å"more than one-third ( 34. 9% or 78. 6 million ) of U. S adults are obese†( Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014 ). Obesity has been the most popular disease in America and will cause a lot of subsequent diseases, including hypertension, hyperglycemia, and cardiograph. Therefore, the government who regulates chain restaurants and other big food companies to illustrate their foods’ calorie and other ingredients, which ingest excessively will result to obesity, is a good way to improve the health situation of individuals. In my personal point of view, although the government’s action is reasonable, it is very limited to realistic circumstance. People know the way of calculation necessary caloric for daily life, bur sports and diets are proper means to keep health. Government need to educate their people to recognize lately life and improve their diets. However, this is an extremely difficult way to improve persons’ health, because adults have accustomed their foods and their living habits. Therefore, how to initiate a new health education for a new generation and tell them good diets and living habits become significant. In conclusion, good health care is not to treat patient, it is reasonable to prevent ills from humans through improve their behaviors and thoughts. Regulations of the AC The three regulations are enacted by executive agencies for supplementation of the AC. The three regulations are all related to people’s health and their lily life. In my opinion, the first regulation, which will mention, is a good sample for the government instructing humans in a healthy life. The second regulation also protects people who cannot afford their healthcare fees. The third regulation is close to people work and safety. Nevertheless, I believe that the government should modify these three regulation continuously to provider citizens a better situation. Regulation 1. The first regulation is just existing on September 2014, which is â€Å"Guidance for Industry Reporting Drug Sample Information Under Section 6004 of the Affordable Care and Drug Administration, 2014 In my perspective, this regulation has 2 praiseworthy points. Firstly, manufacturers need report information of drugs on the internet. This is very convenient for the ETC supervising quantity and category Of drugs and assessing these drugs demand and supply. In this way, the F-DC can indicate a commercial tendency of these drugs, and accordingly the FDA forecasts what diseases will be happened. This is cheaper than paperwork. Secondly, These drugs reported by manufacturers, which usually have side effects or dangerous ingredients. Therefore, monitoring these drugs is necessary for people’s health safety. For example, We know some medications have an ingredient named ephedrine is used for manufacturing methamphetamine, also called ice drug. Some lawbreakers use these medications to extract ephedrine. Therefore, for preventing this case happening, drugs reporting is mandatory. Nevertheless, this regulation need to be consummated. Electronic reporting is a reasonable way to record information, but 2 shortages must be considered. Electronic information leakage has been a serious problem now, although HAIFA has enacted the data breach notification rules. The information safety system should be reinforced. In addition, supervising manufacturers reporting correct information is requisite. Whatever these manufacturers hide information for financial reason or unintentional mistake. These producers need to be audited. Regulation 2. The second pending regulation is † the State Medicaid HIT Plan, Planning Advance Planning Document, and Implementation Advance Planning. In the regulation, SMS wants to invite tenders from the public to design a health information collection software, which can reduce paperwork and collect arsenal health information efficiently. In this regulation, SMS has defined some detail requirements of this software, which includes information of fingerprints Of people, suspension Of Medicaid Payments and re-screening Of Medicaid and chip providers every five years†( Centers for Medicare Medicaid Services, 2014 These details are reasonable, also deem that an electronic tool is not only convenient for government using and collecting basic data, but is also useful to people recognize their health information. Person just need a cellophane to manage their own physical condition data. However, mom important rules do not cover in this regulation, and this regulation also has its own deficiencies. Think two managements are required in this regulation. The first of all, there is a possible issue that some information cannot be matched from different software, when they are sent to each other. SMS should make a identical standard in order to all collecting data in diversified health data software can be commonly handled. Finally, for information abusing and breach, SMS should through HIPPO to monitor data of health of software providers and improve the system for safety of data ace ritzy Regulation 3. The third regulation has been exiting, which is† people applies healthcare insurance, and the insurance needs to take effect in ninety days. All insurance companies cannot delay applicants’ insurances beyond ninety days with any excuse. However, this period can only be amended by the government. This is the Ninety-Day Waiting period Department of Health an Human Services, 2014 I firmly believe that the regulation will be admired by all people. This regulation gives people a safeguard, because people may have some accidents when they wait their insurances taking effect. Therefore, the sis of accidents will be reduce by this regulation, whatever people on working or daily life. However, I think the waiting period can be shorter. On the one hand, ninety-day means three months that people will be out of insurance. If the government can cut the waiting time, the risk can be smaller. On the other hand, some insurance companies, for financial concern, will delay people insurance until the deadline. Therefore, if the limitation can be shorter than three months, it also can spur the work efficiency of insurance companies, and let people obtain their insurances as soon as they can. The Constitutionality of the AC These two cases including the National Federation of Business v. Sublime and Barbell v. Hobby Lobby ,which greatly impact the constitutionality of AC. According to these cases, I clearly realize the main deficiencies of AC and it constitutional process. National Federation of Business v. Sublime In this case,† Twenty-six States, several individuals, and the National Federation of Independent Business brought suit in Federal District Court,challenging the constitutionality of the individual mandate and Medicaid expansion, the U. S. Supreme court judge this case with following mints. Firstly, the U. S. Supreme court considers that the individual mandate takes a penalty to people, who dose not have health insurance, is unreasonable, but penalty can be regarded as a tax which imposes on people who dose not buy health National Federation of Business v. Sublime, 201 0 ). In my personal point of view, I agree with the statement that people should not be taken a penalty fee for out of health insurance. However, I think that changing this penalty as a tax, which is somewhat far- fetched, because, it just changes an explanation to enforce people join in health insurance programs. No matter this tax influences peoples’ action to buy insurance or not, the government has no right to compel its persons to purchase a product, which they do not like it. Moreover, † U. S. Supreme court decides that states will lose their Medicaid funds, which compels Medicaid expansion, and this is unconstitutional ( National Federation of Business v. Sublime, 201 0 † I firmly agree this decision. I learned that America is the federal state, every state of U. S. Has right to administer itself. Furthermore, every state also has right to depart from U. S. , if its people agree. Rule insider the state government has equal status with the federal government. Therefore, the federal government can not exploit their right or threatens them to agree Medicaid expansion. As the case mentioned that † When a court confronts an unconstitutional statute, its endeavor must be to conserve, not destroy, the legislation†( National Federation of Business v. Sublime, 201 0 ). For some rational reason, it is right to preserve AC and tear out Medicaid expansion. However, I quite sure the constitutionality need to be cautious and considerate. In AC it still has some unconstitutional acts and rules. Although conserving AC is better than destruction, AC passes too fast to inspect by congress. Therefore, constitutionality is a long-term process, AC still need to be carefully checked by congress and society. Barbell v. Hobby Lobby In this case, the Supreme Court holds three main points. † At the first, the Supreme Court considers that the government has failed to satisfy the least- restrictive-means standard of the Religious Freedom Restoration Act. HAS has not shown that it lacks other means of achieving its desired goal without imposing a substantial burden on the exercise of religion. This decision follows the Religious Freedom Restoration Act in 1993. Secondly, the Supreme Court deems that, according to the Religious Freedom Restoration Act, no conceivable definition of a person includes natural persons and non-profit corporations, but not for-profit corporations, which is different from He’s defined action. Finally, the Supreme Court declares that only the contraceptive insurance can be picked out of the insurance mandate, and only closely held companies are suitable for this decision†( Barbell, Secretary of Health and Human Services V. Hobby Lobby Stores, 2014 Without a doubt, firmly Greer the first and second decisions of Supreme Court. Religions, beliefs, and religious actions should be respected. Moreover, for-profit companies also is including the scope of the person. Think HAS cannot support more evidences to demonstrate Hobby Lobby and others violate the RAFF and for- profit companies also need to be regarded as non-profit companies in this case for religious reason. Therefore, these two decision can embrace justice and equity for treating religion and religious companies. However, I concern that the third decision is partial. I have three points to illustrate my perspective. Firstly, it is partial to women who work in religious companies, because these women have no right to obtain contraceptive insurance comparing with other women who work in non-religious companies. Firmly consider that this partiality can be regarded as discrimination of women. Managers cannot deprive a right from employees, which should be reasonably procured, even for a religious reason. Secondly, the exemption only for closely held corporations and its religious reason, which is not rational. I firmly believe some companies will intentionally change their status to closely held corporations for avoiding contraceptive insurance. The last but not least, the Supreme Court has exempted religious reason for the declination of contraceptive insurance currently, in the future, have reason to believe that some companies will utilize religious reason to avoid more mandate insurances. All in all, in this case, the Supreme Court fails to predict potential imparts, which will make more difficult for congress to enforce the laws. Actually, this decision makes harder to force employers to provide health insurance. Therefore, it really influences both implementation and constitutionality of AC badly. The conclusion I believe that, in total, AC is enacted for innovating the health environment of people. It covers all aspects of human daily life and wants to affect quickly. Indisputably, related agencies and congress are best effort for consummating and renewing AC. I can see that they want to regulate all behavior and rule all possible situation. This is an extremely huge work. How to cite ACA Paper, Papers

The Protestant Reformation free essay sample

The Protestant Reformation. The Protestant Reformation was not only a pivotal time in European history, but in world history as well. It was time of immense economic, political, and social change. The most well-known religious reformer of the time was Martin Luther, who famously nailed his list of 95 grievances to the church door in Wittenberg. Though initially intended only as a means to invite theological discussion, this simple act would spark perhaps the greatest religious movement in history. As the corruption of the Catholic Church rose, thousands would flock to the new Protestant religions, both for spiritual motivations and secular greed, sending all of Europe into an era of religious upheaval. Although this disruption triggered wars and persecutions, it contributed huge impacts to our society which shaped the modern democratic world today. The massive turmoil that the Reformation caused had a lasting impact on European politics. Soon after the Catholic Church deemed Martin Luther a protestant, Europe became divided along confessional, as well as territorial, lines. We will write a custom essay sample on The Protestant Reformation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The religious turmoil f the period led to warfare within most states and between many. This warfare, especially the Thirty Years War from 1618 to 1648, decimated Europe. It was clear not only to Europe, but to Luther that The Catholic Church was the cause of the Protestant Movement through their error and misuse of the truth and power. The years leading up to the Protestant Reformation were plagued by moral corruption and abuse of position in the Holy Church. The priesthood was guilty of several abuses of privilege responsibility and the Popes would rule for power, money politics. Churches would also grant indulgences as a guaranteed path to heaven. Thanks to Luther-who tacked up his Thesis- and to the Reformation, the sale of indulgences eventually ended.. As everything was evolving in this period, many kingdoms stopped paying taxes to the Pope. For example, As Henry the 8th made England a Protestant nation, he became opposed to paying anything to the Catholics. Due to all these complications, The Pope began to lose power. He no longer had the ability to interfere in the affairs of nations, establish any boundaries or even end a war. One of the biggest changes during the Reform affected not only the oldern society, ut our modern one as well. Something exciting was lurking about; Protestantism. It was the Reformation that forced people to make a choice to be Catholic or Protestant. This was an important choice, and a choice had to be made. Some people still maintained allegiance to the Roman Catholic Church but many, if not all adopted to the new form of Christianity†that did not recognize the authority of the Pope. Europe was quickly dominated by this new trend; as it promised much that society didnt have- with the help of those handy theses of course. For one, no longer was it eeded to visit priests and churches to gain a spiritual connection with God, for faith was the only guidance required. New churches were built, as well as the creation of The Bible tor all Protestants, by Luther. However, one ot the biggest changes to society were the translations of the Bible to vernaculars, and thus bringing the Word of God to the people. (The press influenced this as well) They for once, could understand what they were told to believe in by the Catholic Church. It was the Holy Roman Empire in political control, various city-states with enormous power and factions wing with factions for control of property.

Should Death Penalty Be Mandatory free essay sample

Have you ever thought about if the person next to you is a killer or rapist? If the person is, what would you want from the government if the person had killed someone you know? The person should receive the death penalty! Murders and rapists should be punished for the crimes they had committed and should pay the price for their wrong doing. Having the death penalty in our society is humane; it helps the overcrowding problem and gives relief to the families of the victims, who had to go through an event such as murder. First, people should know the history of the death penalty. The death penalty has a long history dating back to the 16th century B. C, during the time of Jesus Christ . The execution by year increased in the US. It has been a steady increase up until the 1930s later the death penalty dropped to zero in the 1970 and the again rose steadily. We will write a custom essay sample on Should Death Penalty Be Mandatory? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page US citizens said that the death penalty was unconstitutional even so it was believed that it was â€Å"cruel and unusual† punishment. The executions yearly kept dropping to zero and raising again until June 1972, the death penalty was suspended because the existing laws were no longer convincing. However, four years after that occurred, several cases came about in Georgia, Florida and Texas where lawyers wanted death penalty. That set a new law in those stated and later on the Supreme Court decided that the death penalty was constitutional under the eighth amendment. There also has been the problem of overcrowding in prison and jails. Some people say that this is a problem but having more jails built will solve this problem. Having more prisons or jails built may help solve the problem however the death penalty effectively stop draining more money from the taxpayers to house murderers. These murders get three warm meals a day; they do nothing all day, and have a place to sleep just because the taxpayers fund these facilities. Murders on death row do not deserve to receive a place to stay. They deserve to acquire their life taken away from them because of the atrocious crimes that these criminals have done. Several countries use the death penalty, including china, Iraq, Iran, U. S. A. AND Saudi Arabia. In the united stated, twelve of the states do not allow the death sentence. The twelve states are Michigan , Wisconsin , Maine , Minnesota , north Dakota , Hawaii , Iowa , west Virginia, Massachusetts , Rhode island , and Vermont. These states say it is inhumane to kill someone however, I believe if a murder kills someone they should be killed as well. Less than one percent of murderers are sentenced to death, while only two percent of death row inmate are executed. Many people stated that the death penalty does not even help because there are not enough people being executed. One major way the death penalty helps is that it could relieve a family, if someone is murdered and the convicted criminal is put to death. The death penalty is good because the inmates, who deserve to be killed, should be killed. This is a circular argument, which is a logical fallacy. A circular argument is when someone reaches a conclusion because it is true by not proven by facts, in other words the argument chases it is own tails. I believe that if the people are just going in a circular argument then there is no way that, the people will gain ground to get rid of the death .

How Responsible is My Generation †English Essay

How Responsible is My Generation – English Essay Free Online Research Papers My generation is less responsible than my parents generation for many reasons. My generation is one of technology. It is a generation of Gameboys, Internet Browsers, graphing calculators and DVDs. My parents generation is a generation of self-motivation. It was one of walking places, writing out problems, and reading books. The advancements in technology have worked to make my generation lazy. The slightly primitive times of my elders, helped them build motivation within themselves and allowed them to build up a want to learn. A person of my generation may ask why he should learn the origin and meaning of a given problem when all he really needs to do is punch in a few buttons, hit enter, and copy the answer from a screen to paper. In my parents generaton, things were not made quite so easy. Instead of plugging in their problem on a calculator, they had to write out step by step, the formula to the problem, and thereafter thoroughly understand each step they made as they went along. . Most kids my age would rather get past level 4 of a Mortal Combat video game than learn about the fascinating concepts of calculus, and those not playing the game and actually doing their work, could care less about the concepts. Theyd rather just rememeber the steps to take on their TI-83 to get the good grade on the test. So, yeah, Id say that my generation is less responsible than my parents. For we try too hard to find machines and electronic tools that will work for us, than strengthening our only real essential tool- our mind. From the mind, stems many other tools that dont require being plugged in, or charged up. Effort, passion, motivation, these are what we are lacking that our parents generation found within themselves. In some cases, lack of resources inclines the mind to think. This seems very applicable when noticing the divergency of responsibility levels in my generation and my parents. Research Papers on How Responsible is My Generation - English EssayPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyStandardized TestingPETSTEL analysis of IndiaResearch Process Part OneAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfHip-Hop is ArtThe Hockey GameThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationGenetic Engineering

Description of human emotions Personal Statement

Description of human emotions - Personal Statement Example C, in front of Lincoln memorial. It has filled my heart with gratitude when I went in the Korean War memorial park. This has given me a lot of impression and provided me with the chance of re-analyzing what I am blessed with. I am a grandchild of a soldier who sacrificed his life to safe guard his countrymen to safe guard me during the Korean War. When I saw the gravestone of American soldiers mentioning 54,246 deaths and 8,177 missing my heart sinked with grief. I was reminded of my yester years when my mother used to preach me about peace. The sacrifice can never be small. The importance of lives is understood when one is not around. We have to live with the memories only. When I saw a women paying homage to the soldiers, I could grasp the importance of each and every life on this earth. The soldier has sacrificed his life to protect his countrymen. He has sacrificed his sleep and life's comforts. The thought provoke me "the soldier has done this for whom For me of course! Also for the people like me." I felt really pity for the women as a single life influences the lives of many. An entire family suffers after his demise. If the family is strong females of the families are capable enough then they can rear their children but what about those families where this is not the case. Today, my heart is filled with gloom why on earth we human beings have to fight for might Where are we heading Who is responsible Do we real

FAA's Advanced Qualification Program (AQP) Essay

FAA's Advanced Qualification Program (AQP) - Essay Example As the economies of developing countries grow, their own citizens are already becoming the new international tourists of the future. The commercial aviation industry in the United States has grown dramatically since the end of World War II. In 1945 the major airlines flew 3.3 billion revenue passenger miles (RPMs). In 1903, the Wright brothers' first successful flight in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina marked the beginning of the aviation industry. In the early years, the public did not embrace airplane travel as an option, thinking that it was too dangerous. The first major stimulus that helped to develop the industry was the United States' participation in World War I. After the war, though, the government stopped funding research and development, practically stagnating growth in the aviation industry. The events of September 11 have had some of their worst economic effects on the airline industry, leading to a dramatic fall-off in passenger demand and substantially higher costs. But even before that day, the industry was facing bad times, with few airlines anticipating profitable performances in 2001. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has released a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) that would make the Advanced Qualification Program (AQP) a permanent, alternative me... recommendation stemmed from an NTSB accident investigation of a Northwest Airline crash on August 16, 1987, in which 148 passengers, 6 crewmembers, and 2 people on the ground were killed. The NTSB had recommended that all part 121 carriers review initial and recurrent flight crew-training programs. Because it is an industry where mistakes can lead to an unacceptable loss of life and property, commercial aviation has been at the forefront of risk reduction through teamwork training. Among the best-known team training strategies to emerge from the aviation setting is Crew Resource Management (CRM) training. CRM training has endeavored to improve the margin of aviation safety for more than 30 years. The FAA is now proposing to incorporate the requirements of Special Federal Aviation Regulation (SFAR) No. 58 into 14 CFR part 121. Section 121.901 outlines the purpose and eligibilty of the alternate method of training and qualification known as "Advanced Qualification Program". Section 121.903 states that certificate holders who get approval of an AQP must comply with its provisions. Section 121.905 specifies the procedure for a certificate holder to make claim that AQP information or data submitted to the FAA is entitled to confidential treatment under 5 USC 552 (b) (4). [Federal Register] Section 121.907 contains definitions used throughout proposed subpart XXX. Section 121.909 outlines the approval process, where certificate holder applies for approval of an AQP curriculum. Section 121.911 is based on existing language from SFAR No. 58 section 4. Section 121.913 contains requirements for qualification curriculum. Section 121.915 contains program requirements for continuing quali fication curriculums. Section 121.917 contains additional requirements that must be included

Detailed analysis of a chosen photograph Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Detailed analysis of a chosen photograph - Essay Example The photographer is sharing the piece of his perceptional reality with the audience. The ship in the middle of the river is always journeying towards the home. Formal Elements: The picture â€Å"Rowing Home the Schoof-stuff† is an attempt of Peter Henry Emerson to widen the human vision with the depiction of a sole human existence in the wider scope of a scene (depicting the long life of a laborer). Emerson used selective focus to intensify the idea of weariness and loneliness of a laborer on his way home. The use of platinum printing is to fade away any bright toning and to add a more infused mood to create an impressionistic image. The image, like many other images following naturalism rules, did not use light, posturing and pretension. The concepts of retouching and the scientific elements that forego naturalist ideals of a scene are not used. The picture is innovative in creating and promoting impressionistic vision to be identified and followed by successors of Peterson. Historical Analysis The picture is taken by Emerson in 1886 as a part of his naturalist photography. Emerson was known as the leader of the Photographic Naturalistic movement. His idea was to present photographs in their originality without reducing the legitimacy of any image using the scientific techniques of blurring a tone, increasing the light or over-emphasizing on some aspects by clever tools rather than artistic focus. He believed in using the camera as a tool of capturing the details and was against the fragmentation of the natural scenes scientifically. The picture under consideration is a strong evidence of how naturalist movement believed photography to be. The picture is not fragmented or faked but rather used camera focus to omit or include details as required. The wider, calm and human-less background automatically turn the focus of the viewer to the laborer heading back. The wider scope of the picture is to show the extent of a laborer’s long and lone journey. Peterson, indeed, captured this image with an idea of showing the wider background without any being interrupting to the exposure of loneliness and tiresome journey of the laborer. Social and Artistic Analysis The image of a ship that is sailing in the sea is indeed an attempt to shed some light on the nature of lives that naval professionals opt. The humanistic approach towards an existence of a soldier is a unique one and provides a great deal of insights in soldier’s life. The embedded message in the image communicates the need of caution for those who have their families in the grasp. The people are strongly recommended to hold on to their loved ones while they can because whether or not one like the assumption of death. The death has the profound power to take one’s closed ones in a blink of an eye. The black and white context of the picture conveys hopelessness and depression of the crew that is looking to get home while; their distance from their loved ones is effectively communicated with the help of black and white color scheme of the picture. Additionally, the featured image captured a ship that is looking at dusk that its crew has to spend away from their families and friends. The human need to long for the closed ones is prominently evident in the image (Gidley 1994). The ships are customarily expected to throw the dead ones that meet their demise during the journey. The crewmen are aware of that fact and therefore, feared by the probability of death that might cause them to die away from the family. All of the humans

Multinational Enterprises Engage In Foreign Direct Investment Economics Essay

Multinational Enterprises Engage In Foreign Direct Investment Economics Essay A multinational enterprise is defined as an enterprise that engages foreign direct investment (FDI) and owns or controls value adding activities in more than one country (John H. Dunning, 1992). Today all big multinational enterprise was once a small firm with a less number of employees. Once the firm started manufacturing the product according to customer needs and satisfaction, then the firm can achieve high success in the market. To start a business a firm needs a capital amount. In the beginning stage of business the firm does not know how to market the product and who are the entire customers and what actually the consumer want. The main reason that firms outsource the products is to know what actually the consumer really needs and to understand the market conditions. Outsourcing helps to reduce the overall costs in an organization. So the cost factor becomes less. Once the firm satisfies customer needs and satisfaction then the business and market can be globally expanded. To achieve high success in business, the firm has to design products according to consumer needs and satisfaction than market conditions. Market conditions are also an important factor; the firms should know how well the product is playing into market and how long it lasts in the market. Customers are the king source in business. To reach our product to all kinds of customers is through advertising, the advertising costs are expensive. So if the firms outsource the product then there is no problem to worry about advertising costs. To expand the business globally the firm has to manufacture products with good quality. A national enterprise is the one which does business within the country and it has no foreign direct investment (FDI) and no exchange value. The difference between national enterprise and multinational enterprise is national enterprise has less number of competitors and multinational enterprise has more number of competitors. Once the business started growing globally the multinational enterprise contributes fifty percent of funds to its organization. To do a business in a particular product, the product has to be patented. The cost of obtaining the patent license is expensive. So if the firms outsource the products then the patent cost becomes less. If the patent license is obtained, then the business can be expanded globally and export cost is also reduced. Globalization is the circulation of goods, services and capital, but also information, ideas and people. It has shaped all of the twentieth century, albeit with large cyclical variations and has become an increasingly visible force in recent decades (World Bank, 2000). FDI Local Packing Assembly Export through own Supply representative or sale subsidiary vxfczxfgd Representative or sales subsialary Export via agent or distributor License Time Depth of involvement in foreign market Fig: 1 Entry into foreign Market Source : Rugman A.M., and Collinson S,2009 Once the business starts growing globally, the competitive advantage also starts increasing. We will come to know about latest technology in the market and more firms in the world. In the initial stage the firm should target only one country to market the product. Once the firms become success in that country then the firms can target many other countries. If the firm exports the product through agents or through distributors then the firm will come to know about the market conditions and the competitive advantage of the product. The important thing is that firms should concentrate mainly on quality, customers need and satisfaction and market condition of the product. The reason that firms export the product through agents or through distributors is the exportation cost. The exportation cost is less. Once the quantity of customers is increased, then the firm can achieve high profits. Then gradually the firm can increase its production and globally the market is also expanded. The firms can exchange ideas and information, improves communication and networking is developed. Initially the main reasons for outsourcing the business are the cost factor. Cost is an important factor to design a business. While doing business the firms should know how to control the overall costs and expenditure. The main aim is to manufacture products with good quality and low costs. The raw material costs are high and the availability of raw materials is very low. Once the number of consumers is gained the business is expanded globally and the firm itself can directly market the product. The main reasons for multinational enterprises are responsiveness to environmental forces such as competitors, customers, suppliers, financial institutions and government. Attracts common pool of resources including assets, patents, trademarks and human resources. More number of competitors starts increasing once the firms become multinational enterprise. The level of development of each country vis-à  -vis the aforementioned prerequisites clearly differs (Patrick, 2000). Central Europe is advanced in terms of infrastructure and privatization than south-west Europe. Mainly western countries give tax benefits and the government itself will provide funds for the firms which are all sick. Foreign direct investment takes an increasingly important role in the restructuring process which hinges on a number of variables. The main reasons that firms go for multinational enterprise is the job opportunities. Job opportunities will be expanded and a large number of employments are provided to large number of people. The national enterprise face pressure from trade union activity to avoid company spread their bases around the world; this in turn weakens the companys growth and economy. One of the important reason firms go multinational is to increase sales and to expand production activities. National firms naturally do not become multinational firms; the company has to expand its production, manufacture good quality products and should solve the problems. There should be a smooth flow in running the firms. Then only the company has improved in its production, profit, technology and growth. The advantages of multinational company are as follows:- Marketing opportunity: When they expand over different countries their market expands. The products can be marketed world-wide in different parts of the world and the exports also can be increased. Joint -venture with overseas countries also makes a national firm multinational. Research and Development: This helps us to manufacture products with good quality. If any failure occurs, while designing a product, this helps us to rectify the errors. And immediately the problem is solved. Export promotion: Export and import plays a key role for the countries income. Lot of foreign exchange is earned through supply of raw materials, technology and various other product. Growth of industry: The growth of multinational companies are considered to be quick when compared to others. It also helps the domestic companies to grow by giving work opportunities. They also help them enter global market through their network. Gives latest technology: it plays the role of manufacturing good quality products and reduces the cost of production. Multinational companies are basically rich. It solves the bridge between developed countries and developing countries. Optimum utilization of resources: this helps us to utilize the natural and artificial resource in a preserved manner. Uses natural and artificial resources of the home country. Home country gets benefited by the growth of these companies. Help to local industry: This provides a ready market to domestic suppliers of raw materials or semi-finished products Management opportunities: Opens management opportunities to management students who can be appointed as professional managers to earn a handsome salary and build reputation of the company. National development: Developing countries are highly benefited by the multinational companies. It helps them to increase their efficiency and improve the technology and most importantly foreign direct investment. It helps the developing country improve economically as well by providing financial and technical support. Monopoly: When multinational company enters in to domestic market they compete with existing competitors and break the monopoly of selected few companies. Conclusion Firms go multinational as they are bound to have many advantages such as cheap labour, cheap raw materials which will help them in cost cutting. They enter into a competitive market and strive to increase their sales. There are three important stages to become a multinational firm. They greatly depend up on export and expansions of export sales to justify building new plants out of the countries. Secondly overseas production, there must be a limit to overseas sales that is being halted by a multinational company. Lastly the firm needs to start their research, planning, organizing, coordinating, production, marketing and financial support which is said to be RD (Research and Development) to go multinational. In deciding whether the reasons for becoming multinational have changed, considering the buzz word has only been around for the best part of forty years it is fair to say that it has not. If we look back at the end of the last century the only difference is that the huge petroleum companies, gold mines and fruit growers only became multinational. To get closer to their market, the transport of such goods are difficult than it is today. Indeed, as recently as it could still be taken as axiomatic that it was both desirable and feasible for firms that were diversified both by product and to develop multidimensional strategic capabilities. To build broader organizational capabilities those transcend formal structure. Referencing Artisien.P and Maksimenko 2000.  Multinationals in Eastern Europe. London: St.Martins Press Inc. pp.11-35 Coolreferat. 2008.  Why Do National Firms Become M Essay. [ONLINE] Available at:http://pda.coolreferat.com/Why_Do_National_Firms_Become_M_Essay. [Accessed 29th March 2011] Haider. M.J. 2010.  Advantages of Multinational Company  . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.indiastudychannel.com/resources/125324-Advantages-Multinational-Company.aspx. [Accessed 24th March 2011] John H. Dunning, 2000. The eclectic paradigm as an envelope for economic and business theories of MNE activity, International Business Review 9 (1), pp.163-190. Needle,D. 2004. Globalization: Paoli,L. and Cooke,A.  Business in Context. 5th ed. Hampshire: Rennie,T. pp.11-46. Rugman A.M., and Collinson S, 2009.  International Business. 5th ed. Essex: MCGraw-Hill. pp.7-21,39-45. World Bank. 2000.  Poverty in Age of Globalisation. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.sph.umich.edu/symposium/2004/pdf/povertyglobalization.pdf. [Accessed 29th March 2011]

MacBeth :: essays research papers

I do not agree with the statement because I do think that Macbeth was unimaginative I think that he had quite an imagination and this was shown at least twice in the book. I also do not really think that he was a monster he was really just trying to save his own life. Also I thought he was timid because a lot of the time his wife put him up to things that he did not really want to do.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Macbeth was portrayed by Shakespeare to be a strong war hero who drove the Norwegians out of Scotland, and caught the traitor the Thane of Cawdor, when really he was just a timid person who was putting on an act to please people like the king, his wife, and his friends. Although Macbeth is portrayed to be physically strong he is mentally quite weak, and this is shown when he believes every word that the witches say, and he ends up resting, thinking that no one can take him off the throne.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Macbeth is shown to be timid quite a few times in the book, in that he lacks the mental strength to do things, so his wife questions his manhood and calls him weak. After she insulted him, he thinks that he is wrong and she is right, so he go against his own conscience, in the end he was right and Lady Macbeth wrong. Lady Macbeth tells Macbeth when the king is in their castle to “Your hand, your tongue: look like th’ innocent flower, but be serpent under’t.'; What this meant was that Macbeth looked and talked like an innocent little flower, but under that fake mask he was an evil serpent. I agree that Macbeth was unimaginative to a degree but then again he had an imagination because he saw the daggers before he killed King Duncan, and after he got Banquo killed he saw the image of Banquo in his seat. An example of this is stated here: ';Is this a dagger which I see before me, The handle toward my hand? Come, let me clutch Thee. I have thee not, and yet I see thee still. Art thou not, fatal vision, sensible To feeling as to sight, or art thou but A dagger of the mind, a false creation, Proceeding from the heat oppressed brain?'; This is where Macbeth is imagining that there is a dagger in front of him. I think that this shows that he does actually have an imagination and sometimes it gets the better of him.

Women in Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad

Name: Date: French van Errors 9 March 2014 Archimedes Teacher Training Institute, university of Utrecht Course: Institute: Highlights of English Literature Essay on the role of women in Heart of Darkness by J. Conrad Assignment: Lovers In a Male-Dominated World: the Witch and the Widow ‘The last word he pronounced – was your name. ‘ It is ironic that this utter lie to a woman concludes the story of a man's Journey into the dark African jungle. Marrow, the story protagonist, is the one who lies to the fiance ©e of the infamous Mr.. Kurt, he reason for his African adventure.In Joseph Concord's novella Heart of Darkness (1899), women are scarce. Men drive the story and the two women portrayed In the story are sketchy, nameless characters who only serve as female prototypes: the Witch and the Widow. Both have been lovers of the story's pivotal Mr.. Kurt and symbolize his transformation. The first woman that appears is the Witch – traditionally an unmarried wom an outside the normal structure of society, a priestly woman who possesses unique knowledge of medicine and the supernatural. She comes on stage when the story Is well underway. Until then, only men have played a role In the tale: sailors, company officials, soldiers, station managers, explorers, servants and other staff. The Witch belongs to the tribe where Mr.. Kurt ruthlessly ruled. When he is taken away on Marrows steamer, she stands at the river bank: Along the lighted shore moved a wild and gorgeous apparition of a woman. (†¦ ) bizarre things, charms, gifts of witch-men, that hung about her, glittered and trembled at every step. She was savage and superb, wild-eyed and magnificent. Her long shadow fell to the water's edge.Her face had a tragic and fleece aspect of wild sorrow and of dumb pain. ‘ (up. 75-76 Penguin Classics) These words suggest she was Kurt' lover, but nothing beyond her awe-inspiring presence is revealed. Apart from the powerful African Witch, there is the brittle European Widow: two opposites that symbolize the former Kurt (nurtured by European civilization) and the new Kurt (transformed by African Nature). This black-clad woman also had an amorous relationship with Kurt, but she is completely unaware of Quartz's ramification and new love.She was engaged to him, waiting for his return and hoping to get married to him one day. Little did she know of his intentions to stay in the Jungle forever, had Marrow not got him out. She is presented as the prototypical widow that only exists because of her loss: ‘She came forward, all in black, with a pale since his death, more than a year since the news came; she seemed as though she would remember and mourn forever. ‘ (p. 92) We can conclude that males reign supreme in Concord's novella.They rule the world and they conquer the dark interior of the African continent. The primps inter pares of these conquerors is Mr.. Kurt, who nearly gets a mythical status in Marrows imagina tion. The two women that love Mr.. Kurt are the only women that play a role, and they are presented as symbols: the one a strong African Witch, the other a weak European Widow, enforcing the two-sided personality of Mr.. Kurt and his personal battle between the dark powers of Africa against the ‘enlightening civilization of Europe.

General Rules for Having a Pet in College

General Rules for Having a Pet in College For some students, daily life involves being around a pet or pets. At college, however, animals usually arent allowed. So is it possible to have a pet in college? You Have a Few Options Those college students interested in having a pet in college have a few options. Mostly, however, pets are not allowed in places like residence halls - or even on campus - for a variety of reasons. Your campus is likely not trying to be cruel; they simply have to worry about issues of safety and regulations about hygiene that they are required to comply with. First and foremost, there are in fact some schools that allow pets on campus. These are the exceptions to the rule, however, and picking a school based on their pet policy may not be the  best choice. Additionally, even if your school of choice doesnt allow pets on campus, you can always rent a house with some friends or find an off-campus apartment that permits pets. Service Animals If youre a student who needs an animal with you for medical reasons (such as a service dog, for example), however, you should contact your school right away. Letting your college know that you need assistance - both from them and your service animal - as soon as possible is definitely of high importance. They should work with you to figure out a way to support you and your service animal during your time in school. Incorporating Animals Into Your College Life If, however, you would strongly just prefer to have a pet as part of your experience, there are some ways you can incorporate animals into your new college life: See whats allowed in your living space. Alright, so you cant bring along a dog or cat. But can you bring a fish or other small animal? Are there certain animals that are allowed, and if so, what are the regulations? Are there certain theme houses that allow their residents to bring pets with them?Can your family bring up your family pet for a visit? Lets say your family comes up the first Sunday of the month to take you out to brunch. Can they bring your family dog in the car for a quick visit? Are dogs allowed to walk on campus if theyre leashed? Will a monthly or occasional visit from your pet suffice?Consider volunteering at a shelter. If you just love - and even need - to be around animals but cant have one with you on campus, consider volunteering at a local animal shelter. You have a lot of love and patience to give and there are always animals in need. Check with your campus volunteer center, do some quick searching online, or even start your own campus group to help make re gular volunteer sessions at a shelter a reality. Keep in mind, too, that when you go to college, it will be nearly impossible to recreate the life you had back at home. And thats part of the fun, right? If, deep down, you wanted things to be the same, you wouldnt have decided to go off to college in the first place. Be flexible in understanding that there sometimes is only so much your school can do. They might very well be limited about having pets in the residence halls, for example, because of city and county health regulations. Check in with your pet(s) during a Skype session with your parents and know that your pet(s) will be just as excited to see you as you will be to see them when you next return home.

ecampuscom essays

ecampuscom essays q Product- Ecampus.com is an internet company that offers a wide variety of college supplies and other related items online. However, the primary product that is being marketed is college textbooks and books. In fact Ecampus.com claims to be the largest college bookstore online, and to have all books in print available to customers. q Price- In terms of price, Ecampus.com offers their product at an affordable, discounted price compared to the typical bookstore price. Having books available at an affordable price for college students is one of the company's main concern and is evident in their mission statement, as it claims "to provide the easiest, fastest and cheapest way for college and university students to buy textbooks and stuff". On the web site the company also displays the actual price of the book being bought and the price they offer it at, in order let the students be aware of how much they are saving. q Promotion- Ecampus.com have gone through great lengths to promote their company, especially during the summer of 1999, which around the time when they officially launched their company to the public. Their promotion efforts during the period were extremely vital to the company's growth since they had just recently entered the market and also because the school period was soon the start shortly. On July 2, 1999, Ecampus.com officially went live with their web site, during a press conference, which was held in order to introduce their company to the public. Their promotion efforts continued to reach the public through, the internet and mass media. Various commercials for instance, began to surface nationwide, directed primarily for their target market, which were college students. Ecampus.com also chose other channels of promoting their service, which includes flyers on college campuses and magazine ads. q Place- The great thing about Ecampus.com is an internet company and is accessible via t ...

Finnc nd Growth Strtgy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Finnc nd Growth Strtgy - Essay Example Of cours ths findings dpnd on th sctor nd th typ of M& tht ws don. Mny fctors ply n importnt rol in th furthr succss of th compnis, nd th on, myb th most importnt cn b th knowldg nd bility to crt vlu ftr. Mrgrs nd cquisitions, two forms of rstructuring, rprsnt both strtgic opportunitis nd thrts for compnis, s ownrship chngs hnds. Mrgrs nd cquisitions crry on stting nw rcords in both volum nd siz. cquisitions probbly r not th quickst wy to grow comprd to othr options nd, from th prspctiv of top mngrs, thy r stimulting nd oftn finncilly rwrding. Howvr, by most ccounts, cquisitions r pron to filur, with som hving disstrous consquncs. Studis of th short-trm ffcts of M&s point out tht M&s gnrt vlu, vn though most of this vlu ccrus to th trgt firm. Rsrch in th US nd UK indicts tht th shrholdrs of th trgt firms xprincd gins of btwn 16% nd 45%. cquiring firms' shrholdrs, on th othr hnd, xprincd bnorml rturns rnging from -1.1% to 7.9%. Th combind firms' bnorml rturn ws btwn 1.8% nd 3.5%. (S Jnsn & Rubck 1983; Frnks & Hrris 1989; Bchr 2000; Mulhrin & Boon 2000; Kohrs & Kohrs 2000; ndrd t l. 2001.) Th long-trm ffcts of M&s in th US nd th UK hv bn xmind xtnsivly (S grwl, Jff & Mndlkr 1992, Brns 1984, Frnks, Hrris & Titmn 1991, Grgory 1997, Knndy & Limmck 1996, Limmck 1991, Lodrr & Mrtin 1992, Loughrn & Vijh 1997, Mitchll & Stfford 2000, Ru & Vrmln 1998). Ths studis, lthough criticisd th mthodology, ll indict tht th shrholdrs of th cquiring firms in most instncs los vlu. Th ngtiv typicl rturns wr s high s -20%. Th crtion of ngtiv typicl rturns holds tru spcilly whn th mthod of cquisition ws othr thn by mns of tndr offrs. Th min rson for M& to tk plc is xpctd synrgis, mngril hubris, nd promising solution of gncy problms. Synrgis r th prim motivtion for th bid nd s rsult for th trgts nd th biddrs tht shr th wlth gins. lthough most bidding compnis mk th sttmnt bout th potntil synrgis from th mrgrs nd cquisitions, frquntly th forcstd bnfits r not obtind. This cn b rsult of ovr optimistic forcst by th bidding mngmnt or simply th fct tht th mrgr for inititd for nothr rson, such s gncy problms. So ths thr tkovr motivs hv diffrnt outcom on th wlth crtd ftr mrgrs nd cquisitions. If synrgy is th primrily motiv for th mrgr, thn th trgt's nd biddr's shrholdrs should gin nd th distribution of wlth should only dpnd on th brgining powr of th biddr nd th trgt. If th scond motiv tks plc nd it mns tht gncy problm is worsning, th min slf-intrst of th biddr's mngmnt is th prim rson for th mrgr or cquisition. In such cs, mngrs just focus on growth rthr thn on th shrholdrs' vlu. For xmpl, Conyon nd Murphy (2002) show tht for th UK, siz (nd not th prfomnc) is th min dtrminnt of th mngril slris. This fct cn xplin why mngrs r so tmptd to us fr csh flow to furthr build th mpir tht hopfully will rsult in highr slris nd bonuss. No wondr tht ftr such circumstncs, th totl vlu ftr mrgrs nd cquisitions ctully gos down. Mngrs who r ggrvtd by prsonl intrsts, (.g. mximiz th siz of th firm nd thir fild of control) r mor pron to sk out lrg, wll known compnis s cquisition trgts - nd usully ovrpy in th bidding procss. This is n doubtful motiv for th cquisition of rltivly smll nd unknown privt compnis. Th cquisition of privt compny mor sily fits th motiv of mximiztion of shrholdr wlth. nd th third motiv of M& cn b th

The cost of rising gas prices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The cost of rising gas prices - Essay Example â€Å"Chris Christopher, an economist at IHS, figures that for every $0.24 increase in the price of gasoline, employment is lower by 410,000†(Stiphen Gandal 2011). This unemployment that occurs due to rising gas prices affects the entire economy. It results in lower standard of living of those who lose their jobs and poverty prevails. The government also pays the price because its spending rises as unemployment befits have to be given to more people. Due to industrialization in the last century, every other commodity is produced by using machinery. Agricultural products, minerals, or manufactured goods, all the production processes use fuel at some stage. For instance, minerals are extracted using heavy machinery that consumes gas as fuel and crops have to be transported to retailers from farmers. Since gas is an essential component o cost o production, it pushes up the price o commodities. Study shows that due to rise in gasoline prices , the cost of production of consumer go ods increased by 0.8% in April 2011 and a rise in consumer price index of 0.5% in both February and March 2011. A comparison of prices in January 2010 and January 2011 showed how rise in gas prices resulted in huge rises in prices of other commodities. This comparison showed that corn prices increased by 58%, rubber prices increased by 78%, Aluminum by 9%, cotton by 131% and wheat by 37%. These are only a few commodities but the impact was not restricted to these only.(Micheal Kopoly, 2011) The entire cost o production increase due to rise in gas prices is not transferred to consumers only but in many cases it results in lower profit margins of firms and job cuts to compensate the costs. Hence it is the entire community that incurs the costs. Increased gas prices have altered spending and saving patterns. 21% of the households have reduced spending to great extent by buying economy sized packs o groceries and buying cheap brands. A large number of consumers are using loyalty cards a nd other promotional services offered by retailers to save money. Increased gas prices increase cost o living. Individuals have less money available to spend on vacations and leisure activities. According to Danita Blackwood , â€Å"The number of Americans making plans to take a vacation over the next six months has fallen to a 30-year low according to a leading business membership and research organization, The Conference Board.† (Doug Caverly, 2008). This means that the businesses that rely on tourists suffer a lot for instance resorts, museums, theme parks and so forth. 21% of the households say that they have reduced eating out. This means that restaurants and hotels have faced a decline in their profits.(Micheal Kopoly, 2011) Five out of six US recessions witnessed after 1970 were linked with rising fuel prices.(Berk, 2011) . High gas prices lead to higher cost of production, reduced profits and a decline in aggregate demand. Though the immediate response to the question of the effects of rise in gas prices would be the above mentioned, a few opposing views may also be found. A few businesses still benefit despite the increase in gas prices. These businesses are those which produce goods that have an inelastic demand. When cost of goods increases, the cost is transferred to the consumer and the businesses maintain the profit margins. Information technology industry is still flourishing despite the energy crises. When meetings have become more costly due to increased driving

The Relationships between Organizational Culture, Total Quality Essay

The Relationships between Organizational Culture, Total Quality Management Practices and Operational Performance - Essay Example The paper will begin with the description of what quality actually is and why is it important for a company to integrate the element of quality in all of the business processes. Quality means to achieve excellence the business processes, such as, product manufacturing and provision of services to the customers. Any organization or a company can satisfy the stakeholders and the customers only if it provides them with quality in the products and services that they use. Quality is the key to organizational success as it leads the companies towards market domination. â€Å"Quality should be aimed at total customer satisfaction with the product or service you are selling†. Quality also means to seek continuous improvement in the products and services that are manufactured by any organization. Two important aspects of quality include quality control and quality assurance. Quality control is a process, which is employed in order to ensure the required level of excellence and quality in a product or service delivered by a company. Quality assurance, on the other hand, is a process in which products manufactured by a company are checked for quality in every stage in order to know whether those products meet customers’ expectations or not. If we talk about total quality management, we can say that it is implemented in a company to ensure that the products and services delivered by the company to the customers meet the quality standards. It is an integrated organization-wide philosophy, which aims to provide continuous improvement to the quality of the products and services in order to make them productive for a company. ... Total quality management practices should be based on some established quality standards, such as, ISO 9000 series and ISO 9001 series. The companies using TQM approach believe in the importance of knowledge for organization’s success. TQM makes use of employees’ knowledge to create innovative and high quality products for the customers. Talking about total quality management, we can say that it acts as the foundation for an organization’s success because without implementation of an effective quality management system, no organization can be able to manufacture premium quality products. The role of people in TQM is to put every effort in the development of high quality products in order to increase customer satisfaction. Employees and the management staff of a company put mutual efforts for achieving goals and objectives of the company. One of the main requirements of implementing quality standards is the establishment of measurable objectives by the company, wh ich adopts any specific series of quality standards. Another requirement is that employees of a company should feel their responsibility and should know how to achieve the goals and objectives related to quality set by the managers of the company. For example, ISO 9000: 2000 requires quality to be the first priority for every employee working for any organization. According to the ISO 9000:2000 standards, for any product, managers should first identify the product requirements by analyzing the demands of the customers, analyzing basic and essential requirements of the product, analyzing statutory and legal regulations regarding the product, and determining any additional requirements related to the

Milk and Supermarkets Essay Example for Free

Milk and Supermarkets Essay Introduction In recent years, the relationship between supermarkets with UK farmers that called oligopsony is a heated topic in the society. Some people hold the view that the advantages of oligopsony overweigh those disadvantages. Nevertheless, others believed that it is one way that UK farmers controlled by the supermarkets. It is natural that people come from different backgrounds will have various attitudes to the same issue. In the report, the advantages and disadvantages of oligopsony for both supermarkets and UK farmers are discussed. In addition, nowadays the supermarkets in the UK in order to increase the profit, they use different types of marketing methods. Such as intense price competition, loyalty schemes and provides non-food products and service. The smaller retailers were influence by those marketing methods also reported as follows. 1. 0 Oligopsony Oligopsony is â€Å"similar to an oligopoly (few sellers), this is a market in which there are only a few large buyers for a product or service. This allows the buyers to exert a great deal of control over the sellers and can effectively drive down prices. †(www. investopedia. com A good example of an oligopsony would be the UK supermarket industry, in which a small number of large buyers (such as Asda, Tesco, and Sainsbury’s) control the UK farm market. Such control allows these supermarkets chains to dictate the price they pay to farmers. 1. 1 The effect on supermarkets According to the BBC news (http://news. bbc. co. uk), Tesco account the UK supermarkets share is 31. 6%, Asda took over 17% in the UK supermarkets share, which is ranked second. The third biggest one is Sainsbury’s, which accounted 15. 8%. (Appendix 1) The total percent of big three supermarkets took over more than 50% in all the UK supermarket industry. These supermarkets owned market power in two ways which are selling to consumers (oligopoly power) and buying from producers (oligopsony power). in another words, It means that the few firms have considerable market power in paying low price for inputs and makes it more difficult for the farmers to make a profit. For example, a big supermarket could contract with a dairy producer that the big one will buy all of product. The farmer agreed with the contract and started to supply the dairy to the big supermarket. Nevertheless, maybe the supermarket pay less and less later, and the farmer just can accepted lower price because the farmer produce too much dairy to supply to the big supermarket and it is not too easy to find a new buyers. Farmers who produced milk, vegetables, or other agricultural products have limited choice range, because in the UK, most of agricultural goods are bought by the big supermarkets. Oligposony gives the big supermarkets bargaining power in use lower prices with farmers. In this relationship, the big supermarkets have the absolute advantages over the farmers. They can made it possible that lower the price of agricultural goods, so that these supermarkets can give a reasonable price for the customers which will help the big supermarkets improve the competition with others competitors. In addition, they also can ask the special requirements for the product quality, the farmers are controlled and forced to accept a lower price of their product. 1. 2 The effect on the farmers. Oligopsony this relationship between supermarkets with UK farmers is ensures the agricultural goods can sell to the big supermarkets. Famers have the fixed buyers so they are need not worry about to find new buyers. However, due to most agricultural goods are bought by big supermarkets, the farmers have less choice. Famers used to have some bargaining power on the basis of seasonality. Because there are other competitors, they do not know what price has been offered by other producers and this forced them to offer their produce at a low price to ensure a sale. Especially the perishable foods. The supermarkets â€Å"dictate not only how much they will pay, but also how the produce will be packaged, stored and delivered. †(www. corporatewatch. com) â€Å"The small number of companies dominating both dairy processing (currently six processors control 93% of the industry) and retailing (six supermarkets control 65% of liquid milk and 70-85% of dairy produce sales) means that there is a significant imbalance of market power in the UK dairy sector.. †(â€Å"Supermarkets under fire†, February, 2003). It is easy to know that supermarkets have power in dairy industry in the UK. Though supermarkets have brought buying power to the dairy farmers, however, the big supermarkets in order to increased their power in the dairy sector, they developed own brand milk products. Since 1995, the price of fresh milk has declined; supermarkets have maintained their selling price and increased their profits at expense of both farmers and consumers over the same period. (Appendix 2) â€Å"The National Farmers’ Union has been particularly concerned about the plight of the UK’s dairy farmers. They claim that of the ? 1. 70 which a supermarket customer may pay for two liters of milk, less than 50p will go to the farmers. †(http://www. anformeresources. com) Charles Peers who are an Oxford shire organic farmer, he has said â€Å"There are two hundred thousand farmers, dealing with, basically speaking, three supermarkets, two grain merchants, four fertiliser companies. Not a chance†¦.. They’ve got power, real power. † From these, we can seen that oligopsony made it is possible that the farmers are forced to accepted a low price to sell their products, and the big supermarkets such as Tesco, Asda or Sainsbury’s are have the power in the UK market. 2. 0 How the supermarket to boost profits. In the past 40 years, the small independent shops shifted to huge supermarket chains. â€Å"In 1960 small independent retailers had a 60% share of the food retail market. By 2000, their share was reduced to 6% while the multiples share increased to 88%. †(Institute of Grocery Distribution, Grocery Retailing 2002) Andrew Simms, who works for the New Economics Foundation, says that: â€Å"we are witnessing the death of small and independent retailers and new retail feudalism is emerging as a handful of brands take over our shopping. † (http://www. corporatewatch. org.uk). Though the supermarkets have the market power in the UK, as a business organization, how to increase the profit is the first thing should be considered. In recent years, the huge supermarket chains use various types of marketing methods to increase the profit and the loyalty. Such price competition, loyalty schemes and provide non-food products and service. Supermarkets use various ways to convey price information to consumers, The price promotions including price reduction, a percentage discount, a voucher. In 2009, there was a new price war among the big supermarkets in the UK. Tesco planned to launch a new advertising campaign, which will â€Å"compare the cost of customers baskets of shopping against the prices of its competitors. †(http://www. belfasttelegraph. co. uk) Asda has already hold a new wave of discount on thousands of products that including fresh food and household products. And â€Å"100 frozen food products and 200 everyday health and beauty lines, such as shampoo and deodorant, would be sold for ? 1. †(http://www. belfasttelegraph. co. uk) Andy Bond, the retailer’s president and chief executive officer, said: â€Å"2009 is going to be a very difficult year. Sainsbury’s, the third biggest supermarket in the UK, also joined the price war, â€Å"Vowing to grow its Basics range to more than 600 products by the end of January, The supermarket said more than half of these products would be priced at less than ? 1. †(http://www. belfasttelegraph. co. uk) Except the price war, some of the supermarkets in the UK also offer loyalty schemes to attracting potential consumers. Tesco is a good example, every time when they shopping in Tesco, they will get points according to how much they spend. Sometimes, Tesco also listed products that buy one can get 500 points more to increase the demand of this product. Every month, Tesco will sent voucher or coupons to the loyalty card member’s home. The more you spend, the more you get. Using loyalty schemes not only will attracting potential consumers especially female, but also it is a low cost way to know the customer’s lifestyle. When the customer registers the loyalty card, they should fulfill the personal details. Tesco will well know what is popular among the customer depend on these details. Since 1995, the major supermarkets in the UK start provide the non-food product and services such as pharmacies, clothes stores in Asda, petrol retailers, and banking and financial in Tesco. The effect on the supermarkets will be dramatic, especially due to the growing consumer propensity for the â€Å"one-stop† shop. Non-food products and services will help the big supermarkets increased the market share in the UK, and improve the competition itself. What is more, it is also function as reduce the risk of products, as the proverb said: â€Å"do not put all your eggs in one basket. It is means that for a supermarkets, non-food products and services will share the risk with food products. 2. 0 The effect on the smaller retailers.

The Procurement Of Construction Project Construction Essay

The Procurement Of Construction Project Construction Essay The procurement of construction project is vast in scope because it involves the gathering and organizing of myriads of separate individuals, firms and companies to design manage and build construction products such as houses, office buildings, hotels, shopping complex, roads, bridges etc. for specific clients or customers. Procurement comes the word procure which literally means to obtain by care or effort, to bring about and to acquire. System is about organized method, approach, technique, process or procedure. In this context, project procurement is very much concerned with the organized methods or process and procurements of obtaining or acquiring a construction product such as a house, hotels and shopping complex or road and jetty. It also involves arranging and coordinating people to achieve prescribed goals or objectives. In some instances the procurement method will have already been decided before an architect is appointed, either as the result of company or authority laid down policy because the choice has already been made by the client advised by a lead consultant who is not the architect. There are many different procurement routes, it is appropriate for the mainly common routes are the traditional procurement route, the design and build procurement route and the management procurement route. Which procurement method is likely to prove the most appropriate in a given situation will depend upon the nature and scope of the work proposed, how the risks are to be apportioned, how and where responsibility for design is to be placed, how the work is to be coordinated, and on what price basis the contract is to be awarded. An important point to remember is that the choice of form of contract cannot usually be settled until the procurement method and the type of contract have been established. This will mean considering of Design responsibility, Coordination responsibility, Price basis, Plan of Work and Assessing the risks. Client Profile Cinnamon Grand is a privately owned large hotel chain in the UK. They offer comfortable accommodation across the UK and are committed to preserving the rich heritage therefore they are very passionate about the outlook of their hotel buildings. Cinnamon Grand have a strategy of adopting neglected landmark buildings and bringing them back to their former magnificent look. Subsequently, the hotel management board (client) is experienced at renovation of buildings. Although Cinnamon Grand is use to dealing with the construction of hotel buildings, they do not have an in-house executive who is either experienced enough or is able to devote sufficient time to advise the reconstruction of their properties. Project Background A recent period of bad weather and severe storms has resulted in three Cinnamon Grand hotels being significantly destroyed in the South East of the UK. All destroyed hotel buildings are located in prime locations in town settings. In August 2012, the hotel management board agreed to reconstruct the destroyed buildings to create a vibrant and attractive environment that can be enjoyed by all. The hotel management is keen on taking this unexpected event as an opportunity to improve the quality of buildings and facilities provided. The design solutions will be developed along similar lines adopted for previous hotel buildings, but the intention is to reconstruct the three hotels to match an existing hotel or even better quality than they were before the severe storm. Although the nature of damage significantly varies from one building to another, all sites will require the demolition of a number of existing structures that are not structurally sound enough to retain and reconstruct. The Client decides to undertake the three buildings under two phases. Phase 1 include roofs, guest rooms, restaurant and swimming pools. Phase 2 include dance studios, health and fitness centre and conference and meeting rooms. Clients Policy Cinnamon Grand have to invest a great deal of time, money and effort to ensure that reconstruction is always sensitive and does not compromise the dignity of the buildings and services provided. Project Budget/ Cost The Client has decided to obtain finance from a Commercial Bank which is estimated at  £120million. Project Schedule/ Time The completion date of Phase 1and 2 are critical, as the buildings require handover by 28thFeb2015 at the very latest, due to the opportunity cost of closing down business following the storm damage. The planned start date on site is 1stMarch2014. Therefore the priority should be given to rapid reconstruction of following key areas of the hotels which makes them re-open to business on 1stApril 2015. Quality (functionality and performance) Quality of the buildings is very important to the Client, as their reputation was founded on quality of accommodation and service. Reconstruction works would have to match an existing hotel or even better. Comparison of Procurement Route Type of route Speed Complexity Quality Flexibility Traditional procurement route Not the fastest of methods. Desirable to have all information at tender stage and consider two stage or negotiated tendering Basically straightforward, but complications can arise if client requires that certain sub-contractors are used. Client requires certain standards to be shown or described. Contractor is wholly responsible for achieving the stated quality on site. Client controls design and variations to a large extent Design and Build procurement route Relatively fast method. Pre-tender time largely depends on the amount of detail in the clients requirements. Construction time reduced because design and building proceed in parallel. An efficient single contractual arrangement integrating design and construction expertise within one accountable organisation. Client has no direct control over the contractors performance. Contractors design expertise may be limited. Client has little say in the choice of specialist sub-contractors. Virtually none for the client once the contract is signed, without heavy cost penalties. Flexibility in developing details or making substitutions is to the contractors advantage. Management procurement route Early start on site is possible, long before tenders have even been invited for some of the works packages. Design and construction skills integrated at an early stage. Complex management operation requiring sophisticated techniques. Client requires certain standards to be shown or described. Managing contractor responsible for quality of work and materials on site. Client can modify or develop design requirements during construction. Managing contractor can adjust programme and costs. Type of method Certainty Competition Responsibility Risk Summary Traditional procurement route Certainty in cost and time before commitment to build. Clear accountability and cost monitoring at all stages. Competitive tenders are possible for all items. Negotiated tenders reduce competitive element. Can be clear-cut division of design and construction. Confusion possible where there is some design input from contractor or sub-contractor or suppliers. Generally fair and balanced between the parties. Benefits in cost and quality but at the expense of time. Design and Build procurement route There is a guaranteed cost and completion date. Difficult for the client to compare proposals which include for both price and design. Direct design and build very difficult to evaluate for competitiveness. No benefit passes to client if contractor seeks greater competitiveness for specialist work and materials. Can be a clear division, but confused where the clients requirements are detailed as this reduces reliance on the contractor for design or performance. Limited role for the clients representative during construction. Can lie almost wholly with the contractor. Benefits in cost and time but at the expense of quality. Management procurement route Client is committed to start building on a cost plan, project drawings and specification only. Management contractor is appointed because of management expertise rather than because his fee is competitive. However competition can be retained for the works packages. Success depends on the management contractors skills. An element of trust is essential. The professional team must be well coordinated through all the stages. Lies mainly with the client almost wholly in the case of construction management. Benefits in time and quality but at the expense of cost. Recommendation to Client We would like to advise client to use design and build procurement route for hotel construction because you do not have in house executive experience in reconstruction of this project. So risk avoidance/allocation is very important for your management. According design and build procurement route, Risk can lie almost wholly with the contractor. Secondly you are concerning about possible project delays and overrun of costs beyond projects budgeted allowances. That why design and build procurement route is fast method because design and building proceed in parallel and reduced the construction time. Also there have guaranteed cost certainty and completion date. So design and procurement route is the most suitable method for this project because this route is benefits in cost and time but at the expense of quality. In this method you have no direct control over the contractors performance and contractors design expertise may be limited. But for quality, your agent or consultant may supervise the works and ensure that the contractors proposals of materials and workmanship are complied with and the work is of the required standard. Based on above reasons, we highly recommend you to use the method of design and build procurement.