Of Course Theyre Worth It :: Sports Athletics Texas Essays

Of Course They're Worth It The year 2004 promises to be exciting for sports fans and sports figures alike! Let's look at the state of Texas for instance: sports fans in Houston have the opportunity to enjoy professional sports' greatest show, the Super Bowl, in February, and then the Major League Baseball All-Star Game in July. Sports fans in San Antonio will welcome back their NBA Champion Spurs, and fans in Dallas will most likely be filling the seats of Texas Stadium to cheer on America's Team once again. For the athletes who call Texas home, 2004 might not be as exciting as it is lucrative. Up the middle, the Texas Rangers organization will pay nearly $30 million for sub-par defense and a combined .250 batting average, and $21 million alone is wrapped up in one man, Alex Rodriguez. Despite being the fourth best team in the Western Division year after year, Mark Cuban's Dallas Mavericks have the highest payroll in the league with four players making over $10 million in 2004. I guess you don't have to be from Texas to make bank as a professional athlete, though. Those guys on the hard-wood are doing okay I suppose. Orlando Magic shooting guard Tracy McGrady will "earn" about $13.5 million in 2004. Jason Kidd of the New Jersey Nets will make close to $17.5 million while Pacer center Jermaine O'Neal will rake in about $18 million in 2004. Am I the only one who thinks this is ridiculous? If that isn't enough, just take a look at baseball. Guys like Shawn Green, Pedro Martinez, and Carlos Delgado will all make close to $20 million each in 2004. Is this fair? Do these guys really deserve that kind of money? Does it make sense that a teacher, someone who shapes the lives of so many other people, makes around $40 thousand a year while these guys make that in about three and a half innings of play or a few trips up and down the court? From a purely ethical standpoint, I think it's safe to say that professional athletes are not worth the millions of dollars they get paid each season, no matter how many points they score a game, how many boards they pull a night, or how many home runs they hit a season. However, from a purely economic standpoint, it's hard to argue that professional athletes who generate billions of dollars a year in revenue for their respective cities aren't deserving of that kind of money. Of Course They're Worth It :: Sports Athletics Texas Essays Of Course They're Worth It The year 2004 promises to be exciting for sports fans and sports figures alike! Let's look at the state of Texas for instance: sports fans in Houston have the opportunity to enjoy professional sports' greatest show, the Super Bowl, in February, and then the Major League Baseball All-Star Game in July. Sports fans in San Antonio will welcome back their NBA Champion Spurs, and fans in Dallas will most likely be filling the seats of Texas Stadium to cheer on America's Team once again. For the athletes who call Texas home, 2004 might not be as exciting as it is lucrative. Up the middle, the Texas Rangers organization will pay nearly $30 million for sub-par defense and a combined .250 batting average, and $21 million alone is wrapped up in one man, Alex Rodriguez. Despite being the fourth best team in the Western Division year after year, Mark Cuban's Dallas Mavericks have the highest payroll in the league with four players making over $10 million in 2004. I guess you don't have to be from Texas to make bank as a professional athlete, though. Those guys on the hard-wood are doing okay I suppose. Orlando Magic shooting guard Tracy McGrady will "earn" about $13.5 million in 2004. Jason Kidd of the New Jersey Nets will make close to $17.5 million while Pacer center Jermaine O'Neal will rake in about $18 million in 2004. Am I the only one who thinks this is ridiculous? If that isn't enough, just take a look at baseball. Guys like Shawn Green, Pedro Martinez, and Carlos Delgado will all make close to $20 million each in 2004. Is this fair? Do these guys really deserve that kind of money? Does it make sense that a teacher, someone who shapes the lives of so many other people, makes around $40 thousand a year while these guys make that in about three and a half innings of play or a few trips up and down the court? From a purely ethical standpoint, I think it's safe to say that professional athletes are not worth the millions of dollars they get paid each season, no matter how many points they score a game, how many boards they pull a night, or how many home runs they hit a season. However, from a purely economic standpoint, it's hard to argue that professional athletes who generate billions of dollars a year in revenue for their respective cities aren't deserving of that kind of money.

With wind power technologies

AbstractionWith wind power engineerings deriving rapid impulse particularly offshore wind farm engineering, assorted issues affecting internal and external electrical connexion of offshore air current turbines to the grid arise. This literature reappraisal presents a survey of past researches refering offshore wind farm engineering and high spots wind farm connexion issues. Section 1 presents the debut of the subject followed by an overview of offshore air current farms in Section 2. Following, types of generators used are discussed in Section 3. Section 4 and 5 nowadayss the nucleus of the research, detailing transmittal and interconnectedness of offshore air current farms utilizing both AC and DC severally. Finally the last subdivision concludes the reappraisal.Section OneIntroductionWind power coevals has been on the rise as of late [ 1 ] . USA late took over Germany as the current universe ‘s leader of air current power capacity [ 2 ] , using air current energy as an option of electricity coevals. European states are preponderantly inclined towards wind power in add-on to Asiatic states such as China and India, which are amongst the top air current power manufacturers [ 2 ] . There is a bound to onshore air current farm connexion nevertheless, due to set down bounds and with the huge potency of air current harvest home from the seas and less obstructor compared to onshore air currents [ 3 ] , it is merely evident that the following logical measure is to travel into offshore wind farms. Furthermore, with changeless power produced from the changeless air current velocity of the sea [ 1 ] , and the possible combination of moving ridge and tidal power [ 4 ] , chances of offshore air current farms are promoting. Installations of offshore air current farms are non fiddling, as many factors and concerns are taken into history over the substructure and layout. The unsmooth hostile environment of the sea gives rather a challenge for installing and transmittal to the grid and it is a critical concern. Overall, there are several electrical challenges sing offshore air current farms in contrast to the mechanical challenges that has well reduced over the past decennary [ 1 ] . A major challenge sing offshore air current farms would be its transmittal from generator to the grid [ 5 ] . The conventional AC transmittals provide restrictions as offshore air current farms move farther off from the shore. These restrictions will be studied and possible solutions are to be recommended. This literature reappraisal presents an overview of grid connexion of offshore air current turbines, diging into types of generators used, every bit good as air current farm interconnectedness, transmittals of power to onshore grid and reappraisals of jobs related.Section TwoGeneral Overview of Offshore Wind FarmsWind farms are considered offshore if they are at least 30km from the seashore [ 6 ] . Presently, the biggest offshore air current farms has a capacity of up to 200MW [ 7 ] , with each turbines bring forthing 2-3MW. Offshore air current farms are dearly-won ( 30-60 % higher [ 4 ] ) than onshore due to the larger, higher rated power of turbines, undersea connexions and overall cost of installing and care [ 3 ] . Harmonizing to Reference [ 3 ] , air current farms have electrical subsystems which consist of:Internal medium-voltage ( MV ) grid for aggregation of power produced by single generators ;Offshore electrical substructure for transit of power to the shore ;Onshore system which link the farm to HV webs.The power produced by each air current turbine is collected via the internal MV grids utilizing either radial or pealing connected design [ 3 ] . Radial design, being the cheapest pick, uses a individual overseas telegram feeder that is connected to the turbines in contrast to the ring connected web where cabling and exchanging output higher costs. Radial design suffer from low dependability, though it can be improved by forking the radial feeders [ 3 ] . Depending on air current farm size and distance from shore, every bit good as environmental restriction, [ 3 ] nowadayss two strategies of electrical substructures for transporting power to the shore. Scheme 1 utilizations an seaward substation incorporating switchgears and transformers [ 8 ] , which step up electromotive forces and transmit it utilizing HV overseas telegrams, while Scheme 2 utilizations undersea MV overseas telegrams [ 3 ] . The defined point of common yoke ( PCC ) is where the offshore air current farm connects to the grid [ 3 ] . If an offshore substation is present beforehand ( Scheme 1 ) , the HV overseas telegrams are connected straight to the grid but if MV overseas telegrams are used for transmittal ( Scheme 2 ) , so an onshore step-up transformer is required with HV overseas telegrams before being fed to the grid [ 3 ] . Figure 1 below shows the two different electrical system strategies. Figure 1: Wind farm electrical system schemes [ 3 ] Offshore substation is normally required for electromotive forces above 33kv [ 9 ] and is costlier due to dearly-won indoor equipment and environmental protection [ 9 ] but contributes to take down power losingss and simpler electromotive force control [ 3 ] .Section ThreeWind Turbines and GeneratorsDifferent types of air current generators have been designed and manufactured within the past two decennaries, to provide to the demands of planetary air current power capacity every bit good as the turning development of air current power engineering [ 10 ] . These wind generators are designed to back up and manage mistakes on the grid [ 7 ] . There are assorted types of generators for air current turbines and they are categorized harmonizing to synchronal or initiation type generators.3.1 Synchronous GeneratorsThe power convertor in Figure 2 refers to a rectifier, with constellation a being stator connected and the remainder being rotor connected [ 11 ] .3.2 Initiation GeneratorsAs for initiation generators, typical constellations for air current farms are shown in Figure 3 below For constellation a, the power convertor is a soft starting motor whereas for constellation B and vitamin D, it refers to a frequence convertor. Configuration degree Celsius has an external variable rotor opposition [ 11 ] .3.3 Fixed Speed and Variable Speed Wind TurbinesIn conventional systems, fixed velocity air current turbines are used in order to accomplish equal frequence of the grid and the electrical end product [ 6 ] . However, variable velocity air current turbines are has an advantage over fixed velocity air current turbines due to holding advanced power electronic constituents and good control for grid support. Fixed velocity turbines are by and large cheaper, simple and robust and Reference [ 7 ] presented a new control method to get the better of the restrictions and believes that the fixed velocity turbines will be popular once more if betterments are made over its grid support. Fixed velocity or variable velocity air current turbine design relies to a great extent on an optimal rotational velocity expressed by a factor called tip-speed ratio [ 6, 12 ] Wind turbines will work under certain tip-speed ratio for the coveted turbine efficiency. In Figure 4, a typical graph demoing the relation of air current turbine efficiency and tip-speed ratio is shown. Mentioning to the graph, accomplishing 47 % efficiency requires the air current turbine to hold a tip-speed ratio of 8 [ 13 ] . Figure 4: Example relation between air current turbine efficiency and tip-speed ratio [ 13 ]3.4 Fixed Speed GeneratorsFixed Speed Synchronous GeneratorsFixed velocity synchronal generators produce end product frequence based on the turbine ‘s rotational frequence ; which implies that it is synchronized with the generator ‘s shaft velocity [ 6 ] . These machines can bring forth electricity by itself without the grid ‘s power, so in instance of care or fix plants, isolation of the generators must be implemented [ 6 ] for safety grounds.Fixed Speed Induction GeneratorsInitiation generators are normally used for fixed velocity turbines, particularly squirrel-cage type generators and they connect straight to the AC grid without the demand for frequence convertors [ 13 ] . Reference [ 6 ] provinces that the grid ‘s excitement controls the frequence of the generator ‘s end product. When air current velocities go above the rated velocity threshold ( shutdown or roll uping wind velocity [ 5 ] ) of normally 25/ , the end product power is constrained by natural stall or active pitching of turbine blades and if that fails, the turbine is so stopped. For improved turbine efficiency, fixed wind generators can exchange between pole yokes to run at two different velocities [ 13 ] . This characteristic is to let low air currents velocity to hold better efficiency. Initiation generators are favoured for their low cost and isolation for care plants is non required compared to the synchronal generators, due to its inability to bring forth electricity when the grid ‘s power is cut off. However, initiation generators have a disadvantage of that it consumes reactive power from the grid, though including capacitances between the generator and the grid could counterpoise the job [ 6 ] [ 13 ] . Initiation generators besides require a cut-off system to avoid it moving as a motor when air current speeds lessenings.3.5 Variable Speed GeneratorsThrough variable velocity generators, we can do the rotor to run at a fixed tip-speed ratio over changing air current velocities to obtain maximal efficiency [ 13 ] . This is achieved by utilizing frequence convertors or commanding the rotor ‘s faux pas [ 13 ] . The former method licenses wider velocity scope. Reference [ 10 ] has made a comparing survey on seven variable velocity changeless frequence ( VSCF ) air current generators dwelling of both synchronal and induction generators. The initiation generators studied specifically are double fed initiation generators ( DFIG ) and VSCF squirrel coop initiation generators ( SCIG ) , whereas the synchronal generator types were lasting magnet synchronal generators ( PMSG ) and electrically excited synchronal generator ( EESG ) [ 10 ] . Both of the synchronal generators are direct driven in contrast to the geared goaded initiation generators. Based on the comparing consequences, the geared driven double fed initiation generators ( DFIG ) emerged as the most appealing due to its high one-year energy production ( AEP ) per cost and lowest generator system cost and it is recommended for big power evaluation use [ 10 ] .Doubly Fed Induction Generator ( DFIG )This lesion rotor machine can work as a variable-speed generator through debut of variable electromotive forces into its rotor at slip frequence [ 14 ] . The variable velocity is deter mined by the two IGBT based electromotive force beginning convertors ‘ evaluations and it is through these convertors that the rotor get the variable electromotive forces [ 14 ] .Section FourOffshore Wind Farm AC TransmissionAC transmittal is a good developed engineering [ 15 ] and soon used in most air current farms [ 16 ] . For offshore air current farms that are below 100km distance from shore and less than 150MW capacity, high electromotive force AC ( HVAC ) transmittal is a favoured pick for being the most economical method [ 17 ] . AC transmittal has the advantages of [ 16 ] :Simpler installing, care and interconnectednessCost effectualOperational consistenceAC links are non used for longer distances due to high electrical capacity and bring forth reactive currents [ 15 ] . This implies bigger reactive power due to the bear downing currents produced as overseas telegrams become longer and reactive power compensators are needed [ 5 ] [ 15 ] . AC transmittal loses its economic entreaty when active current is less than the bear downing current [ 15 ] . The transporting burden current capacity of the AC overseas telegrams is reduced because the overseas telegrams must physically transport both burden and bear downing currents at the same clip [ 16 ] . Reference [ 16 ] shows that bear downing current is expressed by =2F where F is frequence, is electrical capacity and is electromotive force ; and the relation of current capacity is 2= 2+2, where is the overseas telegram current capacity and is load current. Based on look, utilizing DC outputs =0 at steady province [ 16 ] , which shows the advantage of DC holding higher transporting load current capacity. Besides bear downing currents, AC cables besides experience power losingss ( 2 ) [ 16 ] and there are bounds to a figure of AC overseas telegrams that can be installed due to the environment [ 18 ] .Section FiveOffshore Wind Farm DC Transmission5.1 HVDC LinksConventionally, offshore wind farms are connected to the grid via AC transmittal as antecedently stated. Latest developments nevertheless, have suggested that AC links are to be substituted with a District of Columbia transmittal system. Typically used for far wind farms of more than 60km, HVDC links are non limited by the length of transmittal and therefore will be a executable and economical option when air current farms are larger and further off from shore compared to AC links [ 1 ] . HVDC transmittal is associated with variable velocity air current turbines due to the ability t o command the frequence of air current turbine grids and is independent of the power system frequence [ 11 ] . Reference [ 19 ] has stated the list of advantages of HVDC compared to HVAC, based on Reference [ 8 ] , which are:Independence of directing and having frequences every bit good as isolation of system from other webs.The distance of HVDC transmittal are unaffected by overseas telegram bear downing current.HVDC overseas telegrams are capable of higher transmittal capacity.Power losingss on overseas telegram are low.Controllability of power flow.5.2 Wind Farm AC Grid ConfigurationThe simplest DC grid connexion for air current farms is by feeding the AC grid air current turbines into a power convertor and linking it to the AC grid utilizing HVDC links. The figure below illustrates this. Figure 5: Group connexion of a air current farm to an HVDC nexus [ 11 ] The benefits of this constellation is that sum of power convertors are lessened compared to DC grid constellation, but they supply reactive power to the air current farm, enabling it to defy grid mistakes [ 11 ] .5.3 Wind Farm DC Grid ConfigurationAn alternate method is to hold each turbines have their ain rectifier such as Figure 6. Figure 6: Individual connexion of air current turbines to HVDC links [ 11 ] Compared to AC grid constellation, DC grid enables control of frequence and velocity of each single turbines [ 11 ] . Reference [ 1 ] explains the working of an DC grid air current farm in more item. Figure 7: Example of DC grid [ 1 ] Mentioning to Figure 7, the electromotive force from the air current generators is first rectified, gathered and so transferred to an offshore platform where the electromotive force is stepped up well by a DC/DC convertor, or else the system will endure high losingss during transmittal [ 1 ] . Power is so transmitted through a District of Columbia overseas telegram, connected to an inverter onshore and finally fed into the grid.5.4 Line Commutated Control ( LCC ) HVDC utilizing ThyristorsLCC transmittal require commuting electromotive force which is conventionally supplied through a normal or a inactive ( STATCOM ) type synchronal compensator [ 19 ] . The advantages of LCC systems in seaward air current farms are [ 19 ] :LCC transmittal can be used for high capacity power, making 1600MW nexus compared to VSC transmittals, which reach 300MW [ 17 ] .Over 30 old ages of development in LCC engineeringThe convertor station for an LCC system is twice the size in contrast to a VSC system du e to the switchgears and breaker- switched AC harmonic filters necessitating much infinite.LCC systems have lower power losingss compared to VSC systems.5.5 Voltage Source Converter ( VSC ) HVDC utilizing IGBTsBesides conventional LCC transmittal, another engineering is the electromotive force beginning convertor ( VSC ) transmittal utilizing IGBTs. The electromotive forces beginning comes from capacitances [ 20 ] . The advantages of VSC transmittals used in air current farms are [ 19 ] :VSC systems are self-commutating and external electromotive force beginning is non required for operation.Reactive power control does non necessitate switchable AC harmonic filters and is independent of active power control.The power reactive power flow is independently controlled, doing AC electromotive forces from each terminal controllable.5.6 HVDC and HVAC CombinationNot all offshore air current farms are built in it ‘s wholly. They are normally built in stages. For such state of affairss, Reference [ 21 ] recommends transmission combination of HVAC and HVDC. Preliminary stages of building of air current farms can use AC connexion due to the initial little graduated table and subsequently utilizing HVDC connexion as the air current farm ‘s scale expands [ 21 ] .Section SixDecisionOverview of offshore air current farms has been presented in this literature reappraisal. Different topologies and internal grid connexions are outlined. Furthermore, we have looked into applications of synchronal and initiation generators used in air current turbines and explored the difference between fixed velocity and variable velocity generators, which are indispensable in air current turbines in regard to generated end product power. Finally, a general sum-up of the transmittal methods for offshore wind farms were documented, traveling into specific AC transmittal drawbacks and the emerging tendency of HVDC transmittals. Based on the generalised apprehension of the air current farms, we aim to further analyze the jobs of its connexion, with respects to the air current farm ‘s internal grid and AC transmittal to the chief grid. Comparisons between internal DC and AC grid of air current farms will besides be studied. Power flow surveies and simulations will be conducted and aimed at bring forthing new recommendations and solutions.MentionsC. Meyer, et al. , â€Å" Control and Design of DC Grids for Offshore Wind Farms, † Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 43, pp. 1475-1482, 2007.G. W. E. Council, â€Å" Global Installed Wind Power Capacity ( MW ) – Regional Distribution, † 2008.M. Dicorato, et al. , â€Å" Critical issues in big offshore air current farm design and operation, † in Clean Electrical Power, 2009 International Conference on, 2009, pp. 471-478.M. Nandigam and S. K. Dhali, â€Å" Optimal design of an offshore air current farm layout, † in Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion, 2008. SPEEDAM 2008. International Symposium on, 2008, pp. 1470-1474.J. Machowski, et al. , Power System Dynamics: Stability and Control, Second Edition erectile dysfunction. : John Wiley & A ; Sons, Ltd, 2008.J. Twidell, A Guide to Small Wind Energy Conversion Systems: Cambridge University Press, 1987.D. H. Anca, et al. , â€Å" Grid support of a air current farm with active stall air current turbines and AC grid connexion, † Wind Energy, vol. 9, pp. 341-359, 2006.N. M. Kirby, et al. , â€Å" HVDC transmittal for big offshore air current farms, † Power Engineering Journal, vol. 16, pp. 135-141, 2002.W.Grainger and N.Jenkins, â€Å" Offshore Wind Farm Electrical Connection Options. †L. Hui and C. Zhe, â€Å" Design optimisation and rating of different air current generator systems, † in Electrical Machines and Systems, 2008. ICEMS 2008. International Conference on, 2008, pp. 2396-2401.L. H. L. H. Hansen, F. Blaabjerg, E. Ritchie, S. Munk-Nielsen, H. Bindner, P. S & A ; oslash ; rensen, B. Bak-Jensen, â€Å" Conceptual study of Generators and Power Electronics for Wind Turbines, † 2001.S. Heier, Grid Integration of Wind Energy Conversion Systems, Second erectile dysfunction. : John Wiley & A ; Sons, Ltd, 2006.T. John Olav Gi & A ; aelig ; ver, â€Å" Using power quality features of air current turbines for measuring impact on electromotive force quality, † Wind Energy, vol. 5, pp. 37-52, 2002.T. John Olav Gi & A ; aelig ; ver, â€Å" Grid Integration of Wind Farms, † Wind Energy, vol. 6, pp. 281-295, 2003.P. Sally D. Wright, et al. , â€Å" Transmission Options for Offshore Wind Farms in the United States, † p. 12, 2002.ESS, â€Å" Appendix 3-C, Transmission Issues for Offshore Wind Farms with Specific Application to Siting of the Proposed Cape Wind Project, † Restrictions of Long Transmission Cables for Offshore Wind Farms 2003.S. Foste r, et al. , â€Å" Control of an LCC HVDC system for linking big offshore air current farms with particular consideration of grid mistake, † Pittsburgh, PA, United provinces, 2008.T. Kenichi, et al. , â€Å" New control for HVDC system connected to big windfarm, † Electrical Engineering in Japan, vol. 166, pp. 31-39, 2009.L. Xu and B. R. Andersen, â€Å" Grid connexion of big offshore air current farms utilizing HVDC, † Wind Energy, vol. 9, pp. 371-382, 2006.E. Spahic and G. Balzer, â€Å" Impact of the VSC HVDC Connection of Large Offshore Wind Farms on Power System Stability and Control, † in Power Tech, 2007 IEEE Lausanne, 2007, pp. 207-212.E. Spahic and G. Balzer, â€Å" Offshore air current farms – VSC-based HVDC connexion, † in Power Tech, 2005 IEEE Russia, 2005, pp. 1-6.

Free Essays on The Beauty Of Art Design In Theater

How does one define art? Art echoes the natural world. It gives order to the world and intensity to human life. Art is a means of communion as well as communication, and from art, we see, and, emotionally, understand humanity. It provides pleasurable experiences along with cerebral wealth. Art also helps us to express our sentimental relations. It can beautify surprise, inspire, stimulate imagination, inform, tell stories, and record history. Art can allow one pleasure simply through the process of creating. Art can allow a feeling of expression. Art can, in contrast, allow one to provoke emotions from within the viewer, occasionally leaving the observer with an awakened or invigorated outlook. It does not begin or end with just drawing or painting, items typically considered art, or the many other recognized facets of art including architecture, drama, literature, sculpting, and music. Some may only consider a work as art if it requires a particular skill from the artist; however, art can actually be viewed as simply another form of communication. Dance, as a form of art, allows the person or persons to express themselves through the movements of their bodies, whether the dancing takes place on a stage, in a theater, or in a ballroom. This non-verbal art form can allow a dancer to express stories and strong feelings of emotion, such as sadness, sexuality, and joy or may just simply offer an outlet for energy. Poetry is an art form that offers an environment to the creative or expressive need. Writing poetry can be used as an aid to help think through the conflicting emotions that accompany life. It is an art much as gardening is. An inspiration for a poem can be a seed. The seed is planted on paper and usually, though not always, after tending to it, the seed begins to take shape until it suddenly blooms. Painting or photography- probably one of the highest acknowledged forms of art- incorporates all aspects of t... Free Essays on The Beauty Of Art Design In Theater Free Essays on The Beauty Of Art Design In Theater How does one define art? Art echoes the natural world. It gives order to the world and intensity to human life. Art is a means of communion as well as communication, and from art, we see, and, emotionally, understand humanity. It provides pleasurable experiences along with cerebral wealth. Art also helps us to express our sentimental relations. It can beautify surprise, inspire, stimulate imagination, inform, tell stories, and record history. Art can allow one pleasure simply through the process of creating. Art can allow a feeling of expression. Art can, in contrast, allow one to provoke emotions from within the viewer, occasionally leaving the observer with an awakened or invigorated outlook. It does not begin or end with just drawing or painting, items typically considered art, or the many other recognized facets of art including architecture, drama, literature, sculpting, and music. Some may only consider a work as art if it requires a particular skill from the artist; however, art can actually be viewed as simply another form of communication. Dance, as a form of art, allows the person or persons to express themselves through the movements of their bodies, whether the dancing takes place on a stage, in a theater, or in a ballroom. This non-verbal art form can allow a dancer to express stories and strong feelings of emotion, such as sadness, sexuality, and joy or may just simply offer an outlet for energy. Poetry is an art form that offers an environment to the creative or expressive need. Writing poetry can be used as an aid to help think through the conflicting emotions that accompany life. It is an art much as gardening is. An inspiration for a poem can be a seed. The seed is planted on paper and usually, though not always, after tending to it, the seed begins to take shape until it suddenly blooms. Painting or photography- probably one of the highest acknowledged forms of art- incorporates all aspects of t...

An Outline Marketing Plan for Cinnamon Lake View Hotel Essays

An Outline Marketing Plan for Cinnamon Lake View Hotel Essays An Outline Marketing Plan for Cinnamon Lake View Hotel Paper An Outline Marketing Plan for Cinnamon Lake View Hotel Paper Executive Summary John Keels Hotels (KOHL), a 92. 69% owned subsidiary of conglomerate John Keels Holdings OAK) that reported a net profit of RSI. 14. MN in the third quarter of 2009 (compared too net loss of RSI. 91. MN in Q). To serve our clients better, we embarked on an innovative re branding and re positioning strategy by launching two indigenous brands Cinnamon Hotels Resorts and Cay Hotels Resorts. Cinnamon Hotels Resorts, an exclusive franchise, is the foremost of its class while Cay Hotels and Resorts, an experience-based value proposition, is setting a new rend in the region offering travelers a diverse range of travel experiences based on adventure, history, culture and nature. Trans Asia hotel was recently acquired by KOHL and has suspended operations from 1 5th May 2009 in order to carry out a refurbishment and repair. Upon completion, the hotel would be re-branded and launched as Cinnamon Lakeside, Colombo. Cinnamon Lakeside will revolve around the panoramic view of the Iberia Lake, a view which is unique to this property and one that offers endless possibilities. We are investing RSI. 500 million in the refurbishment ND re-branding of the hotel, which will ensure that the hotel provides the service and quality that guests expect from all Cinnamon Hotels This document is an outline strategic marketing plan targeting the re-branding of this new acquisition in order to ideally position it in this future growth market. Situation Analysis With the return of peace supported by strategic marketing plans, tourism in Sir Lankan, with its unique product offerings is well positioned to be one of the thrust sectors of the Sir Lankan economy in the foreseeable future. Total tourist arrivals in 2008 were 438,475 persons, only Just ahead of the total arrivals figure of 407,230 persons in 1982, the year before the North-East conflict escalated. With the resolution of the North-East conflict, Sir Lankan finally has the opportunity to realism its undeniable potential in tourism, and with an improved marketing effort and investment in infrastructure, we believe that the countrys tourism industry can deliver on its promise in the longer term. The Mission To strive for perfection when providing guest experiences that exceed expectations ND be recognized as an emerging regional leader in Hospitality, through the discovery of quality service propositions, supported by superior performance from our people and technology, whilst nurturing values on responsible tourism and providing a sustainable future for all stakeholders. Marketing Objectives Market Needs The Cinnamon Lake View offers value and benefits to our clients, over and above the standard with our facilities and affordable rates. We seek to provide our guests with an exemplary personal service, and level of recognition that they have come to rely pond when staying at a Cinnamon branded hotel. We provide our guests with a luxurious, relaxed environment Walton wanly to conduct tenet Dustless. An environment which they cannot find at our more impersonal competitors. Our guests need to know that they can develop a relationship with the hotel that will ensure efficiency, value for their money and reliability in supplying them with the support they need, when they need it. The Market Our key clients are contracted corporate clients originating from both international and domestic markets as well as tourists visiting Sir Lankan for its unique scenic tatty and sandy beaches. The strategic location of the property overlooking the Iberia Lake in the heart of Colombo city is key to its success in these areas due to the proximity of the Exhibition Halls, Shopping Centers and other locations such as Art Galleries and Museums. Key to our business success is the level of customer loyalty and repeat business we receive on an annual basis. We offer our guests the most up- to-date technical business facilities, both inside the rooms and within the hotels conference facilities. Service Offering Service: high-quality facilities accompanied by exemplary personal service, fractionated from competition in line with the overall brand strategy has proven to be a successful approach generating high levels of repeat business. Positioning The Cinnamon Lake View is positioned as a five star, business travelers hotel, strategically located and offering a high level of personal service. Our focus is on offering our guests added value and differentiating ourselves in our levels of personal service. We provide a quality hotel experience where guests are valued, respected and their business is truly appreciated. Marketing Strategies The Marketing Mix Service High-quality facilities accompanied by exemplary personal service, differentiated from competition, in line with the overall brand strategy has proven to be a successful approach generating high levels of repeat business. Price Pricing strategy has been consistent with the differentiation objective, to provide added value for a reasonable rate as opposed to discounting and devaluing our products and services. Place Service information is provided to the guest via personal selling, direct marketing, advertising and Internet based Inbound Marketing. Delivery channels include travel gents, international reservations systems and our own Web Site. Promotion Primary focus has been on mass communication via print ads in trade publications and on the Internet, direct mail campaigns to existing and prospective clients and personal selling in the local market. Personal selling provides the means to develop relationships within the local community and generate high levels of corporate activity through the business community. Public relations plays an important role in ten marketing mix, presenting ten note as a supportive memoir AT ten community ND participating in significant local events to assist in developing ongoing cooperation, assures repeat business and good working relationships. Competition All other five star hotels, especially those located in the greater Colombo area, and Serviced Apartments do compete for the same corporate business sectors. Direct Competition * Hilton, Colombo: 5 star city hotel, room rates approximately 10% higher than Cinnamon Lake View, older facilities. * Hotel Gaillardia, Colombo: 5 star city hotel, room rates approximately 10% higher than Cinnamon Lake View, facility refurbished round four years ago. * Gale Face Hotel, Colombo: 4 star city hotel, room rates cheaper than Cinnamon Lake View, older facilities. * Creates Residencies, Colombo: Luxury furnished apartments, daily rates 15% higher than Cinnamon Lake View double deluxe rates. They are usually rented on a monthly basis by third party owners. These properties offer similar facilities, although somewhat less focused on business needs, and incorporate more leisure facilities than we currently provide. Indirect Competition Cinnamon Lake Views indirect competition is distance meetings in the corporate world. The more companies decide to conduct meeting over the phone, using web conferencing technology, and video phone technology, the less business people travel and the more it affects Cinnamon Lake View Hotel. Cinnamon Lake View has to keep abreast of all new distance meeting technology, and continue to reinforce with clients that there is no better way to do business then face to face. Strategy Pyramid Marketing Strategy in a Nutshell Our marketing strategys objective is to communicate the unique set of services that we offer to discerning hotel guests. We attempt to direct the focus of our guests to he issues of quality and value for the money as opposed to simply the bottom line costs associated with their stay. Our marketing strategy will allow us to communicate our brand values, develop close working relationships with our customers and suppliers and to identify the needs of our guests in an effective manner. Continued differentiation and growth are two goals we have set for ourselves. Growth will take place by targeting new areas of business within both local and national communities. Our value proposition is that Cinnamon Lake View offers the best, most personalized service for the corporate traveler. We include business essentials in every room, such as a nice desk, internet connection, wireless access, and provide easy to access meeting rooms with all audio-visual and technology needs as well as catering for longer meetings. Cost / Expenses Guidelines Note: The values and personnel names are assumed and not actual. Implementation Guidelines Our marketing expense is structured to reflect the corporate strategy differentiation. Quarterly travel trade publications and interim monthly press ads communicate our message to Key corporate clients In one AT our most gallants target markets Monthly Internet advertising expenses include banner ads, and strategic links with car hire, airline and destination management companies websites to drive business to the hotel. Direct mail activity builds our targeted customer database, not only in terms of improving the quality of the data we currently hold, but on increasing the size of the database with prospective customer information. Inbound marketing activities utilizing the Web Site (SEE) and Social Media Sites (Twitter, Backbone) ensures that our clients can easily find us when searching for quality business accommodation. Social Media Sites also allow us to give a personalized service to our customers via one-to-one interaction. Public relations expenses cover PR events, participation at local functions and sponsorship funds. Overall, the percentage of total revenue required to support the marketing expense is considered a moderate amount. Evaluation and Control Mechanisms All figures will be monitored on an ongoing basis in relation to projections versus actual, and the ongoing plan will be altered or manipulated as necessary in order to react to and, wherever possible, anticipate external changes to the environment. Annual results will be evaluated at the General Managers meeting where the structure of the plan for the approaching year will also be established. Our marketing plan is structured to enable us to achieve the strategic goals we have set for ourselves, in terms of increasing overall revenue as a result of differentiating our products and services from the competition. Our marketing team will ensure that the plan is implemented to the best of their ability and with the highest levels of efficiency and accuracy. References * Colombo Stock Exchange Data Library * Sir Lankan Tourist Bureau * Annual Report, John Keels Hotels

The topic of nature in 17th Century poetry Essay Example

The topic of nature in 17th Century poetry Essay Example The topic of nature in 17th Century poetry Paper The topic of nature in 17th Century poetry Paper and the superiority of the garden compared to the society Marvell lives in is made clear when he states that he has been unable to find the innocence and calm he seeks In busy companies of men. Here we have the notion of a return to Eden from a postlapsarian, vain world; the fact that the plants are scared adds to this. The senses are evoked, as is the concept of fulfillment and the fertility of nature, by the solitude of the garden being described as delicious. Marvell then compares the beauty of the garden to that of a woman, No white nor red was ever seen/ so amorous as this lovely green, red and white being colours of femininity. Suggestions of misogyny perhaps stem from this third stanza, in which Marvell also states that no female can compare to the garden, and there is the intimation that Marvell would indeed rather embrace a tree than a woman, Fair trees! Whereeer your bark I wound. The fact that Marvell never married (the woman claiming to be his widow was apparently his housekeeper)2, along with the imagery present in this stanza offer us an insight into his view of women. The concept of an almost romantic love of nature continues into the forth stanza. Marvell implies that love is destined to fade When we have run our passions heat, and points out, with a classical reference, that even the gods ultimately value the beauty of nature over that of women. The story of Apollo and Daphne, from Ovids Metamorphoses, in which the god Apollo pursued Daphne until she transformed herself into a laurel tree, is used, and there is also a reference to Pan and Syrinx, a similar classical story. Marvell suggests here that the gods were only ever interested in the plants, not the women3. The fifth stanza contains perhaps the most natural imagery in the entire poem, and returns to the concept of fertility and life-giving nature, of another Eden. The garden is feeding Marvell in the line Ripe apples drop about my head, and the verdant descriptions of the gardens other vegetation again evoke the senses. There is also the notion of carelessness and ease; the nectarines and peaches are reaching themselves into Marvells hand, he only stumbles on melons, and the only thing to fall upon in grass. We are then introduced to the concept of hortus mentis, or garden of the mind, when Marvell writes, Meanwhile the mind, from pleasure less, /Withdraws into its happiness; the mind has left the garden, and withdrawn into itself, such is the tranquility and simplicity offered by the garden. Here Marvell is following the neo-Platonic philosophy present at the time. Continuing on from this, Marvell writes that the garden has freed the soul from the confines of the body, Casting the bodys vest aside, /My soul into the boughs does glide. Again this suggests a return to Eden, a loss of mortality, and the soul is also given an almost angelic quality, Then whets and combs its silver wings. The end of the poem describes an actual return to Eden, and again contains a hint of misogyny. When Marvell states, Such was that happy garden-state, /While man there walked without a mate, he is describing the past, the Garden of Eden, rather than the garden he has so far been speaking about. He is also suggesting that man was better off without a mate; without women. The final line of the poem again praises the peace of the garden, and states that that peace could be found nowhere else in the world in which he lived. In both Marvells The Garden and The Mower Against Gardens, the primary terms in opposition are the same: the worlds of nature and men. However, whilst in The Garden, the garden is a place of leisure, solace and tranquility, The Mower Against Gardens presents the garden as a place of endless toil and struggle. The relationship between the two poems is more complex than the mere conflict suggested by their titles: although the terms of the argument are constant between them, the value given to them shifts; the status of labour, leisure, and nature is different in each. Arguably, another difference is the tone of the two poems. Whilst one seems heartfelt in its argument, the other is almost self mocking. The very first line of The Mower Against Gardens presents the opposed terms of the poems argument, Luxurious man, to bring his vice in use, /Did after him the world seduce. Here Marvell is stating that it is not mans practice of his vices that corrupts, it is rather his determination to distort the world to follow his vice, to alter nature to reflect himself. This provides both an insight into Marvells views on gardening, of which, as stated earlier, he was often critical, and a further insight into what kind of garden is being represented in The Garden; it is not a man made space with mown grass and pruned hedges, it is a natural, uncultivated place. Also, this argument is representative of a more common moral issue; the true danger of immorality lies not in its practice by an individual, but in its transmission to others. This transmission comes about through careful perversion of nature, this passage argues, and its effects are as the corrupt man desires, The pink grew then as double in his mind; nature is reflecting the tainted man. Whilst in the first movement of the poem there is a sense of straying from nature, of knowingly perverting the earth, in line 22 a different kind of corruption is introduced. The use of forbidden suggests not only a moral lapse; it implies law, concrete rules whose breaking deserves punishment from a higher authority than man, however sovereign man has become, or thinks he has become. Indeed, the use of sovereign here seems almost ironic. This passage of the poem suggests that not only has nature been altered by man, its very essence has also been corrupted, No plant now knew the stock from which it came; / He grafts upon the wild the tame. To make matters worse, this transgression, this loss of origin, is frivolous, and not even intended to be of any benefit to man, but to rather cause dispute. This implies that not even pleasure governs mans behavior, but novelty. There is also the idea that mans distortion has become a religious transgression with the entrance on his green seraglio. In conclusion, it is clear that in Andrew Marvells The Garden and The Mower Against Gardens, nature is used for far more than a description of nature itself. The conflicting viewpoints of both poems are presented through the use of nature, which is used to allude to various religious, social and, political ideas, and it is only when both poems are read in the context of the time in which they were written that we can recognize these ideas.

The Library Project Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Library Project - Case Study Example . For this project, I will evaluate whether there is a difference in age of the books in this two libraries. In case of significant difference in the ages of the books, I will then determine which library has older books. If there is no significant difference in the age of the books in the two libraries, then each library receives equal funding. To determine whether there is a difference in age, I will conduct a paired sample t-test. Evidently, the t computed is greater than the t-tabulated. Consequently, we hence reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, we assert the alternative hypothesis that there is a significant difference in the ages of the collections from the two libraries. For Ramstein library, the median is less than the mean. According to Stockburger (2014), if the sample mean is greater than the media then the data is positively skewed. Thus, Ramstein library data is positively skewed. This can be interpreted to mean that more data is found on the upper side of the table. Thus, most books in Ramstein library have the copyright of recent years. The boxplot above shows that the data is negatively skewed. This is justified by the fact that mean is less than the median. This can be interpreted to mean that there are more old books in Vogelweh library. From the extensive analysis and interpretation of the presented data, I recommend that KMC funds Vogelweh library as it contains the highest number of old books. It fully meets the benchmark required by KMC for a library to receive extra

Children Face Asthma Risk If Mothers Exposed to Pollutants Essay

Children Face Asthma Risk If Mothers Exposed to Pollutants - Essay Example The article is based on research from Denmark which states that children exposed to chlorinated chemicals before their mothers gave birth to them are more likely to have asthma before they are 20 years old. Five other PCB compounds apparently have a weak relationship with asthma. The article describes how these pollutants are usually found in fish and other marine species and in pesticides. The author also points out that some PCBs were widely used in the 1960s and 1970s but now are banned. They have a tendency to linger in human cells, however, and this means that babies can be affected through their mothers. They can suffer wheezing and asthma because of these chemicals.After reading this article I realized that environmental pollution can have very long term effects. If people are using harmful products today, then it is possible that they will also harm the children of the future. This is an invisible danger which is hidden within the world around us and inside human bodies. What we need to do is read more articles about the environment and spread this kind of information across the world. If we ignore this problem, then our children and our children’s children will suffer in the future. It is our responsibility to think about the results of our actions. It is also our responsibility to take action when evidence like this is found. It is the time that we banned more of these products in order to protect the environment and the future of all the species on the planet.